Skip to main content
. 2021 Sep 17;11(9):634. doi: 10.3390/metabo11090634

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Metabolic pathway of GGA biosynthesis from HMG-CoA in human hepatoma cells. Hepatic biosynthesis of GGA from MVA was demonstrated in human hepatoma-derived HuH-7 cells by isotopomer spectral analysis [13], and hepatic MAOB was shown to be involved in oxidation of GGOH to GGal, a key enzymatic step of GGA biosynthesis [14]. HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; MVA: mevalonic acid; IPP: isoprenyl diphosphate; DMAPP: dimethylallyl diphosphate; GPP: geranyl diphosphate; FPP: farnesyl diphosphate; GGPP: geranylgeranyl diphosphate; GGOH: geranylgeraniol; GGal: geranylgeranyl aldehyde; GGA: geranylgeranoic acid; MAOB: monoamine oxidase B.