Figure 2.

GPCR signaling induces EMT. This schematic illustrates the activation of a GPCR signaling pathway when bound to a ligand such as a chemokine. Both signal transduction pathways have the ability to induce EMT at a transcriptional level by activating genes such as Snail, Twist, and ZEB. GPCR signals that transcriptionally activate EMT genes are capable of recruiting TAMs to the tumor microenvironment. TAMs produce MMPs that allow these cells to invade and metastasize in the EMT process. Diacylglycerol (DAG); Inositol trisphosphate (IP₃); Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).