Table 3.
Summary of the effects of curcumin on ovarian diseases.
| Type of Model | Treatment and Treatment Duration |
Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-galactose-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in mice | 100 mg/kg/day curcumin Intraperitoneally 42 days |
-Increased progesterone and oestrogen levels while decreasing FSH and LH levels -Increased SOD and decreased the MDA and SOD2 levels and CAT mRNA expression -Increased primordial follicles -Decreased 8-OhdG, 4-HNE, NTY and senescence-associated protein P16 expression levels -Increased AMH expression levels -Reduced apoptosis in granulosa cells -Increased p-Akt, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression levels -Reduced cleaved caspase-3 and -9 protein expression levels |
[65] |
| Porcine ovarian granulosa cells | Curcumin medium at 0, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL 2 days |
-Reduced PCNA and its mRNA, increased Bax and its mRNA, reduced cell viability and stimulated progesterone and testosterone release | [67] |
| Rat model of ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury | Curcumin at 200 mg/kg Administered intraperitoneally with reperfusion Group 1: 2 h ischemia and 2 h reperfusion Group 2: 4 h ischemia and 4 h reperfusion Subgroup: (1) Sham: abdominal incision with no ischemia/perfusion (2) Control: abdominal incision with ischemia/perfusion (3) Curcumin: abdominal incision with ischemia/perfusion and curcumin at 200 mg/kg |
Group 1: -No significant differences were observed between nitric oxide (NO), NO synthase (NOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) -Significantly higher ovary histological grade in the control and curcumin subgroups compared with the sham subgroup Group 2: -Significantly higher TOS and TAS in the control group than in the sham and curcumin groups -Significantly higher histological grade in the control and curcumin subgroups compared with the sham subgroup -No change in NO, NOS or XO levels |
[68] |
| Rat model of ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury | 1. 100 mg/kg curcumin 2. 1 mg/kg nano curcumin Intraperitoneal Group SSG: laparotomy only Group I: 3 h ischemia only Group I/R: 3 h ischemia and 3 h reperfusion Group I/C: 3 h ischemia only and 100 mg/kg curcumin Group I/R/C: 3 h ischemia, 3 h reperfusion and 100 mg/kg curcumin Group I/NC: 3 h ischemia only and 1 mg/kg nano curcumin Group I/R/NC: 3 h ischemia, 3 h reperfusion and 1 mg/kg nano curcumin |
-Nanocurcumin-treated animals showed significantly improved development of ischemia and reperfusion tissue injury compared with other groups -I/R/NC group showed significantly higher superoxide dismutase values, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase than other groups (p < 0.05) -I/R/NC group showed a significantly lower value of nitric oxide synthase, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanine levels compared with other Groups -No difference in all biochemical parameters in other groups |
[69] |
| CBA female mice immunised with an extract from the ovaries of outbred albino mice to induce immune disease of the ovaries (model of autoimmune disease in women) |
Curcumin at 100 μg/g (four times a week) Intragastric |
-The percentage of oocytes in metaphases I and II: Immunised mice: the numbers of oocytes with dissolved germinal vesicle (metaphase I) and the formed polar body (metaphase II) decreased significantly Curcumin-treated mice: the level of oocytes in metaphases I and II increased significantly compared with the immunised group -The number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in the thymus, spleen and lymph node: No changes were recorded in apoptosis cell levels in all groups Immunised mice: significantly increased necrotic cell number in thymus, spleen and lymph node Curcumin-treated mice: Decreased necrotic cell number in thymus, spleen and lymph node compared with the immunised group -Percentage of blood stab neutrophils: Immunised group—increased Curcumin-treated group—decreased -Correlation between parameters of death of immunocompetent cells and number of oocytes resuming meiosis: Significantly negative correlation in immunocompetent cell necrosis and percentage of oocytes in metaphase I for spleen and lymph nodes only |
[70] |
| Female Kunming mice injected with 8 mg/kg sodium arsenite to induce ovarian oxidative stress | 0, 100, 150 or 200 mg/kg curcumin once a day Intragastric 21 days |
-All doses of curcumin reduced the sodium arsenite-induced increment in ROS value -All doses of curcumin reduced the sodium arsenite-induced increment in MDA value -All doses of curcumin increased the sodium arsenite-induced decrease in SOD value -Decreased sodium arsenite treatment; no change in comparison with curcumin treatment -All doses of curcumin reduced the sodium arsenite-induced increment in the number of atretic follicles. No changes were recorded in primordial, primary and secondary follicles -Curcumin prevented the inhibition of proliferation of granular cells in the sodium arsenite group -p66Shc expression upregulated under oxidative stress was lowered by curcumin |
[71] |
Abbreviations: LH: luteinising hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; 8-OhdG: 8-hydroxy-2’ -deoxyguanosine; 4-HNE: 4-Hydroxynonenal; NTY: nitrotyrosine; AMH: anti-müllerian hormone; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; CASP3: caspase3; MDA: malondialdehyde; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; GSH: glutathione peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; p-Akt: phosphorylated protein kinase B; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; XO: xanthine oxidase; TAS: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; ROS: reactive oxygen species.