Table 1.
The effects of real microgravity and its simulation on matrisome components of stromal lineage cells.
| Object | Cell Type | Duration | Matrisome | Exp. Approach | Study | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Matrisome | ECM-Associated Molecules | ||||||
| Collagens | Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins |
||||||
| Space flight | |||||||
| Medaka fish | OB, Ocl (ISS) | 1, 5, 8 d | U: COL10A1 | U: OCN | U: MMP9 | DsRed live-imaging, GGA | [58] |
| Mouse | MG-63, osteoinduced (Foton 10) | 9 d | D: COL1A; ND: collagen type I | D: OCN | RT-PCR, WB | [59] | |
| Mouse | 2T3 OB (STS-54) | 6 d | D: OCN | RT-PCR | [60] | ||
| Chicken | OB (STS-59) | 12 d | D: COL1A; ND: collagen type I | D: OCN | RT-PCR, WB | [61] | |
| Rat | OB (STS-65) | 5 d | D: OCN | RT-PCR | [62] | ||
| Human | OB, MSC-derived (SJ-10) | 2 d | D: COL1A1, -1A2, -3A1, -4A1, -5A1, -6A1, -8A1 | D: TNC, COMP | U: MMP1 | RT-PCR | [63] |
| Human | OB, MSC-derived (SJ-10) | 5 d | D: COL1A1 | RT-PCR | [63] | ||
| Hind-limb suspension (HS) | |||||||
| Rat | MSC-BM, tibia | 5 d | D: OCN | RT-PCR | [60] | ||
| Rat | MSC-BM, tibia | 14 d | U: OCN | RT-PCR | [60] | ||
| Rat | MSC-BM, femur | 28 d | D: RUNX2, COLI, ALP, OCN | D: osteogenic potential; expression of osteoblast gene marker mRNAs under osteogenic conditions. | RT-PCR, HS | [64] | |
| Mouse | MSC-BM, femur | 7 d | D: mineralization | HS | [65] | ||
| Rotating-Wall Vessel (RWV) | |||||||
| Human | MSC-BM | 7 d | D: COL2A1, COL10A1 | D: ON | RT-PCR | [68] | |
| Mouse | OB MC3T3-E1 | 1–14 d | ND: COL1A2 | ND: OCN | RT-PCR | [68] | |
| Mouse | OB/OC MLO-A5 | 1–14 d | ND: COL1A3 | ND: OCN, OPN | RT-PCR | [69] | |
| Mouse | MSC C3H10T(1/2) | 1–14 d | ND: OCN, OPN, COL1A4 | ND: OCN, OPN | RT-PCR | [69] | |
| Mouse | OB MC3T3-E1 | 1 d | D: OCN | RT-PCR | [70] | ||
| Human | MG-63, osteoinduced | 3 d | D: COL1 | D: OCN | RT-PCR | [71] | |
| Human | ChB, MSC-derived | 21 d | D: COL1 | D: AGN | RT-PCR | [72] | |
| Mouse | OB | 1d | ND: COL1A2 | ND: OCN, OPN | RT-PCR | [73] | |
| Random Positioning Machine (RPM) | |||||||
| Human | FB | 3 d | U: COL4A5 | U: FN/FN | U: TGF | RT-PCR, WB | [3] |
| Human | MSC-AT | 4 d | U: COL12A1, COL15A1, COL16A1, COL1A1, COL5A1, COL8A1 | U: THBS1, THBS2, THBS3, LAMA, SPARC, TNC, VCAN, VTN; D: CLEC3B | RT-PCR | [74] | |
| Human | MSC-AT | 10 d | D: COL11A1; D: collagenous proteins | D: LAMB3, TNC; U: non-collagenous proteins | RT-PCR, HC | [75] | |
| Human | MSC-BM, osteoinduced | 20 d | U: COL1A1 | D: OMD; ND: OCN | D: ECM mineralization | RT-PCR, HC | [76] |
| Human | MSC-BM | 5 d | D: COL9A1, COL2A1 | RT-PCR | [77] | ||
| Human | MSC-BM, osteoinduced | 10 d | ND: COL1A1 | D: OMD; ND: OCN | RT-PCR, ICC | 77] | |
| Human | MSC-BM | 20 d | ND: COL1A1; ND: collagen tot | RT-PCR, ICC | [77] | ||
| Human | OB | 20 d | U: ECM mineralization | HC | [77] | ||
| Mouse | 2T3 OB | 3 d | D: OMD | RT-PCR | [78] | ||
| 2D, 3D-clinorotation | |||||||
| Mouse | MC3T3-E2 | 3 d | U: PLOD1, PLOD2; U: enzymes activity | RT-PCR, enzyme assay | [79] | ||
| Human | MSC-AT | 7 d | U: COL1 COL3 | D: FBN1 | D: MMP1 | RT-PCR | [80] |
| Mouse | MC3T3-E1 | 7 d | D: COL1A1 | RT-PCR | [81] | ||
| Rat | MSC | 1–4 d | D: cbfa1/RUNX2 | RT-PCR | [82] | ||
Abbreviations: cell types: MSC—mesenchymal stromal cell; OB—osteoblast; OC—osteocyte; ChB—chondroblast; OCl—osteoclast. MSC sources: BM—bone marrow; AT—adipose tissue. Experimental approaches: RT-PCR; ICC—immunocytochemistry; HC—histochemistry; WB—Western blot; GGA—Hiseq global gene analysis. Matrisome and matrisome-associated molecules: COL—collagen, FN—fibronectin, FBN1—fibrillin; LAMA—laminin; OMD—osteomodulin; cbfa1/RUNX2—master transcription factor of osteogenic differentiation; OCN (BGLAP)—osteocalcin; ON (SPARC)—osteonectin; OPN (SPP1)—osteopontin; AGN—aggrecan; THBS—trombospondin; TNC—tenascin, VCAN—versican; VTN—vitronection; TNC—tenascin. The direction of the effects: D—downregulation; U—upregulation; ND—no difference.