Table 5.
3D printed products by FDM technique using Eudragit polymers.
| Eudragit Type | Nozzle Temperature (°C) | Polymer Role | Drug | Pharmaceutical Form | Release Data $ | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eudragit E PO | 150 | Polymeric matrix | Felodipine | Disc | 84.3% in 30′ (HCl pH 1.2); 100% in 6 h (PBS pH 6.8) | [130] |
| 135 | Polymeric matrix | 5-ASA, theophylline, captopril and prednisolone | Tablet | 85% in 30′ | [131] | |
| 135 | Polymeric matrix | Sodium warfarin | Tablet | >80% in 45′ | [132] | |
| 230 | Polymeric matrix | Acetaminophen | * | ** | [133] | |
| 135 | Polymeric matrix | Hydrochlorothiazide | Tablet | 100% in 60′ | [134] | |
| 135 | Polymeric matrix | Enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide | Tablet | 100% in 60′ | [135] | |
| 160–175 | Polymeric matrix | Pramipexole | Tablet | >90% in 60′ (EPO:Poliox N10); >90% in 90′ (EPO:Poliox N80, 50:50); >90% in 60′ (EPO:Poliox N80, 60:40); >90% in 25′ (EPO:Poliox N80, 70:30); | [136] | |
| 135–200 | Polymeric matrix | Carvedilol | Tablet | 80% in 11 h (Aff 15: EPO, 60:15) | [137] | |
| 200 | Taste-masking agent | Caffeine citrate | Donut shaped tablet | >80% in 60′ (10% infill); ≅75% in 120′ (50% infill); ≅50% in 120′ (100% infill) |
[1] | |
| 160–165 | Polymeric matrix | Lumefantrine | Tablet | 90% in 30′ (65% infill); 78% in 30′ (80% infill); 69% in 30′ (100% infill) | [138] | |
| 200 | Polymeric matrix | Theophylline | Tablet | 85% in 50′ (10% drug); 85% in 30′ (30% drug); 85% in 48′ (60% drug) | [139] | |
| Eudragit FS30D | *** | Delaying release polymer | Theophylline | Printfill | 2.3% in 2 h (pH 1.2); 80% in 8 h (pH 7.5) |
[140] |
| Eudragit L100 | 190 | Coating | Budesonide | Tablet | <5% in 2 h (0.1 N HCl); ≅45% in 5 h30′ (pH 5.6–7.4); ≅85% in 10 h (pH 6.5) |
[141] |
| 200 | Polymeric matrix | Acetaminophen | Tablet | <10% in 24 h | [142] | |
| Eudragit L100-55 | 185 | Enteric polymer | Theophylline, budesonide and diclofenac | Tablet | 65% in 2 h in pH 1.2 and ≅100% in 150′ in pH 6.8 (0.17 mm shell); 75% in 2 h in pH 1.2 and ≅100% in 150′ in pH 6.8 (0.35 mm); <3% in 2 h in pH 1.2 and ≅100% in 360′ in pH 6.8 (0.52, 0.7 and 0.87 mm) | [143] |
| 167, 172 and 175 | Enteric polymer | Riboflavine-5′-phosphate | Capsule | 5% in 2 h in pH 1.2 and 87% in 45′ in pH 6.8 (layer height 100 μm); 5% in 2 h in pH 1.2 and 100% in 45′ in pH 6.8 (200 μm); 23% in 2 h in pH 1.2 and 100% in 45′ in pH 6.8 (300 μm) | [144] | |
| 178 | Polymeric matrix | Acetylsalicylic acid and simvastatin | Polypill | 0% (pH 1.2); 100% in 45′ (pH 6.8) | [145] | |
| Eudragit RL PO | 170 | Polymeric matrix | Metformin | Tablet | 100% in 8 h (single screw filament); 91.76% in 9 h (twin screw filament) | [146] |
| 180 | Polymeric matrix | Theophylline | Tablet | 85.93% in 2 h (ERL-PEG 10%); 10.66% in 2 h (ERL-SA 7%) | [147] | |
| 180 | Polymeric matrix | Theophylline | Tablet | >90% in 24 h (10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% infill); 30% in 11 h (75% infill) | [148] | |
| 195 | Polymeric matrix | Theophylline | Caplet | 100% in 10 h (HPC:ERL:PEG:drug, 4:4:1:1); 100% in 4 h (HPC:ERL:PEG:drug, 5:3:1:1 and 6:2:1:1) | [34] | |
| 205–215 | Polymeric matrix | Indomethacin | * | ** | [149] | |
| Eudragit RL 100 | 170 | Polymeric matrix | Deflazacort | Tablet | ≅50% in 24 h (without mannitol); ≅70% in 24 h (mannitol); >80% in 24 h (mannitol and 50% infill) | [150] |
| Eudragit RS PO | 155 | Polymeric matrix | Quinine | Implant | 3.7% in 78 days | [151] |
| 180 | Polymeric matrix | Carvedilol | Floating tablet | Basket—≅90% in 24 h (C1); ≅65% in 24 h (C2); ≅60% in 24 h (C3 and C4); Paddle—≅95% in 24 h (C1); ≅65% in 24 h (C2); ≅70% in 24 h (C3); ≅60% in 24 h (C4); Tapped basket— ≅100% in 24 h (C1, C2, C3 and C4) |
[152] | |
| 200 | Polymeric matrix | Quercetin | Patch | ≅9% in 70 h (drug:PVP40:ERS:TEC, 1:49:38:12); ≅7% in 24% (1:37:50:12); ≅12% in 24 h (1:25:62:12) | [153] | |
| 170 | Polymeric matrix | Octreotide | Capsule | No release in acid medium (0.1 M HCl); >80% in 30′ (PBS pH 6.8) | [154] | |
| Eudragit RS 100 | 160–180 | Polymeric matrix | Acetaminophen | Capsule | 85% in 8′ | [155] |
| Eudragit E | 140 | Polymeric matrix | Theophylline | Tablet | >90% above 40′ | [156] |
| Eudragit RL 100 | 170 | ≅80% in 18 h | ||||
| Eudragit RS 100 | 150 | ≅10% in 18 h | ||||
| Eudragit RL 100/RS 100 | 150 | ≅50% in 18 h | ||||
| Eudragit E PO | 175 | Polymeric matrix | Isoniazid | Tablet | 80% in 1000 min (EPO + HPC) | [157] |
| Eudragit L100 | 170 | 80% in 334′ (EL100 + HPC) | ||||
| Eudragit RL PO/RS PO | 165 | 100% in 200′ (ERS + ERL + PEO + TEC) | ||||
| Eudragit E PO | 135 | Polymeric matrix | Theophylline and dipyridamole | Capsule | >85% in 30′ | [158] |
| Eudragit RL | 170 | Theophylline | ≅50% in 2 h in pH 1.2 and ≅95% in 16 h in pH 6.8 (1.6 mm shell); ≅20% in 2 h in pH 1.2 and ≅ 75% in 16 h in pH 6.8 (2 mm); ≅10% in 2 h in pH 1.2 and ≅59% in 16 h in pH 6.8 (2.4 mm) |
|||
| Eudragit RL PO | 178 | Release modifier | Ibuprofen | Tablet | ≅10% in 24 h | [159] |
| Eudragit RS PO | ≅7% in 24 h (20% ERS); ≅14% in 24 h (10% ERS) | |||||
| Eudragit L100-55/RL PO | 160 | Polymeric matrix | Furosemide | Disc | ** | [160] |
| Eudragit L100-55/S100 | 182 | Polymeric matrix | 5-Fluoracil | Tablet | L100-55:S100, 50:25 and 0:65—No release; 78:0—50% in 180′; 73:5—50% in 270′; 68:10—no release in SF pH 1.2 and SIF pH 6.5; In pH 7.4—40% in 120′ for both coated and non-coated; 100% (non-coated) and 80% (coated) in 9 h | [161] |
| Eudragit RL PO/RS PO | 200 | Coating | Allopurinol | Expandable gastroretentive devices | ≅100% in 300′ | [162] |
5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; Aff 15, Affinisol HME 15LV—hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; CTAB, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; HCl, hydrochloric acid; HPC, hydroxypropyl cellulose; PBS, phosphate buffer solution; PEG, polyethylene glycol; Poliox N10, poly-ethylene oxide—PolyoxTM WSR N10; Poliox N80, poly-ethylene oxide—PolyoxTM WSR N80; SA, stearic acid; TEC, triethyl citrate. For [125]—C1—0.6 mm shell thickness and 0.3 mm layer height; C2—0.6 mm shell thickness and 0.1 mm layer height; C3—0.9 mm shell thickness and 0.3 mm layer height; C4—0.9 mm shell thickness and 0.1 mm layer height.* do not print a specific pharmaceutical form; ** release studies were not performed; *** polymer used as delaying release polymer, deposited by an injection volume filler system above the printed form; $ detailed release data are shown due to the lack of information in some original studies impairing the classification of the drug release behavior (immediate, controlled, or delayed).