Table 5.
Alginate-based commercially available pharmaceutical products used in wound healing.
| Name | Composition/Target | Study Type/Effects | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALGS6 Ag (Prescribed/Over-The-Counter) | Ca ALG fiber—Lyocell fiber—1.7% Ag+ Surgical, traumatic, acute and chronic wounds, ulcers, first and second degree burns; Minor cuts, burns |
Exudate absorption, gel forming, wound healing promoter if changed weekly | [142] |
| Aquacel™ Ag EXTRA™ Hydrofiber™ (Prescribed/OTC) |
Bi-layer Na ALG CMC—Ag+—strengthening fibers; Surgical, traumatic, exuding, infected, and painful wounds, second degree burns, ulcers or for minor cuts or burns | Bacterial inhibition, absorbs the wound exudate while forming a gel, it must be changed every 1–2 weeks | [142] |
| Calgitrol™ foam or SilverSite™ | Ag+ in Ag ALG—Ca ALG—polyurethane foam | Antimicrobial effect, cytotoxicity | [23,143,144,145] |
| Fibracol 10% Ca ALG in Fibracol Plus® dressing | 90% Collagen—10% Ca ALG; Exuding full- and partial-thickness wounds, second degree burns; diabetic, pressure, and venous ulcers | Clinical Trial: healing time of diabetic foot ulcers | [16,32,146] |
| Flaminal® gel | ALG—PEG matrix—notatin—lactoperoxidase—guaiacol; burns, post-surgery wounds, diabetic, leg and pressure ulcers. If used with H2O2 and SCN- it has a bacteriostatic effect against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | Antimicrobial and bacteriostatic effect, wound surface moisturizer, exudate absorber, debrides necrotic tissue | [32,129,147,148] |
| Guardix-SG® | Na ALG—poloxamer—CaCl2; post-surgery (silicone implantation, blepharoplasty) | In vivo post-surgery studies on rabbits: thermosensitive gel, mechanical barrier formation, suppression of capsular contracture, reduced inflammation and fibrosis | [32,149,150] |
| Hyalogran® dressing | Hyaluronic acid ester—Na ALG; Leg and pressure sores, diabetic and ischemic wounds (with slough or necrosis) | Exudate absorption, gel transformation, necrotic tissue removal | [32,140] |
| Kaltostat® | 80% High G Ca ALG—20% NaALG; Acute and chronic wounds with moderate to heavy exudate | Wound healing | [6,28,49,62,63,64,65,151] |
| Luofucon® Antibacterial Alginate Wound Dressing (OTC) | Ca ALG—Ag; minor cuts, abrasions, and burns | Changed daily it has antibacterial effect and promotes wound healing | [126] |
| Luofucon® Extra Silver Alginate Dressing (PO) | Ca ALG—Ag; moderate to heavily exuding wounds, ulcers, trauma-inflicted or post-operative wounds, infected wounds, grafts | Antibacterial effect for seven days and it promotes wound healing | [126] |
| Medihoney® (gel, hydrogel or paste) | Ca ALG—Manuka honey; ulcers: hemorrhagic, heavily exuding, diabetic foot, leg (arterial or venous), pressure (partial or full-thickness) ulcers. First and second partial thickness burns. Surgical and traumatic wounds | Antibacterial effect | [3,23] |
| Purilon Gel® | Na CMC—Ca ALG; Used with another dressing for first and second degree burns or sloughy and necrotic wounds | Wound surface moisturizer | [32,147,152,153] |
| Saf-gel® | Carbomer propylene glycol sodium—Ca ALG; Abrasions, cuts, sloughy and necrotic wounds, second degree burns, non-infected diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure and venous ulcers | Wound healing and surface moisturizer. | [32,147,154] |
| SeaSorb® fine foam sheet | Na ALG/Ca ALG—polyethylene net; Heavily exuding wounds: cavity wounds, second degree burns, diabetic, leg and pressure ulcers, spina bifida | Human clinical trials: fiber to gel transformation, tolerance, healing rate with reduced exudate, maceration and pain intensity | [32,155,156] |
| Silvercel™ | 36% Ca ALG with high G—6% CMC—28% Ag (111 mg Ag/100 cm2)—30% EasyLift Precision Film (Acelity/Systagenix) | Pig and human trials, wound healing | [141,157,158,159,160,161,162] |
| Tromboguard® bi-layer dressing | Polyurethane sponge—chitosan + Na ALG + Ca ALG + Ag+; Traumatic and post-surgery wounds | Antibacterial effect and strong hemostatic | [32] |