Table 2.
Characteristics of the NSCH study population by ACE exposure, 2016–2019.
| Variable | Number of Household Challenge ACEs | Chi-Sq. p-Value |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | ≥3 | ||
| No. of participants (N) | 80,399 | 27,603 | 10,961 | 10,938 | |
| Age of child (N, %) | |||||
| 0–5 years | 27,296 (33.95) | 6471 (23.44) | 1734 (15.82) | 1313 (12.00) | <0.0001 |
| 6–11 years | 23,970 (29.81) | 8437 (30.57) | 3462 (31.58) | 3520 (32.18) | |
| ≥12 years | 29,133 (36.24) | 12,695 (45.99) | 5765 (52.60) | 6105 (55.81) | |
| Sex (N, %) | |||||
| Male | 41,609 (51.75) | 14,332 (51.92) | 5596 (51.05) | 5566 (50.89) | 0.15 |
| Female | 38,790 (48.25) | 13,271 (48.08) | 5365 (48.95) | 5372 (49.11) | |
| Child’s Race/Ethnicity (N, %) | |||||
| Hispanic | 8208 (10.21) | 3620 (13.11) | 1540 (14.05) | 1494 (13.66) | <0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 57,846 (71.95) | 18,447 (66.83) | 7156 (65.29) | 7161 (65.47) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3668 (4.56) | 2317 (8.39) | 1026 (9.36) | 857 (7.84) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 10,677 (13.28) | 3219 (11.66) | 1239 (11.30) | 1426 (13.04) | |
| Parental Education (N, %) | |||||
| Less than high school | 1413 (1.76) | 799 (2.89) | 340 (3.10) | 425 (3.89) | <0.0001 |
| High school | 6898 (8.58) | 4551 (16.49) | 2342 (21.37) | 2500 (22.86) | |
| College or higher | 71,751 (89.24) | 22,094 (80.04) | 8221 (75.00) | 7938 (72.57) | |
| Missing | 337 (0.42) | 159 (0.58) | 58 (0.53) | 75 (0.69) | |
| Family income to poverty ratio (N, %) | |||||
| <1.0 | 5314 (6.61) | 3951 (14.31) | 2231 (20.35) | 2630 (24.04) | |
| 1.0–1.9 | 9107 (11.33) | 5909 (21.41) | 2692 (24.56) | 3011 (27.53) | <0.0001 |
| 2.0–3.9 | 23,898 (29.72) | 9419 (34.12) | 3559 (32.47) | 3359 (30.71) | |
| ≥4.0 | 42,080 (52.34) | 8324 (30.16) | 2479 (22.62) | 1938 (17.72) | |
| Low birth weight child (N, %) | |||||
| Yes | 5812 (7.23) | 2242 (8.12) | 1002 (9.14) | 1037 (9.48) | <0.0001 |
| No | 71,289 (88.67) | 23,992 (86.92) | 9322 (85.05) | 9065 (82.88) | |
| Missing | 3298 (4.10) | 1369 (4.96) | 637 (5.81) | 836 (7.64) | |
| Preterm birth (N, %) | |||||
| Yes | 7912 (9.84) | 3212 (11.64) | 1381 (12.60) | 1367 (12.50) | <0.0001 |
| No | 71,511 (88.95) | 23,942 (86.74) | 9367 (85.46) | 9314 (85.15) | |
| Missing | 976 (1.21) | 449 (1.63) | 213 (1.94) | 257 (2.35) | |
| Household Smoking (N, %) | |||||
| Yes | 7033 (8.75) | 4947 (17.92) | 2825 (25.77) | 3840 (35.11) | <0.0001 |
| No | 72,903 (90.68) | 22,507 (81.54) | 8077 (73.69) | 7032 (64.29) | |
| Missing | 463 (0.58) | 149 (0.54) | 59 (0.54) | 66 (0.60) | |
NSCH, National Survey of Children’s Health; ACE, Adverse childhood experience.