Table 3.
Odds ratio (95% CI) of health condition as a function of the number of ACEs.
| Health Condition | Number of Household Challenge ACEs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | ≥3 | |
| Down Syndrome, (N = 129,533) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 126/80160 | 74/27539 | 26/10927 | 20/10907 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.42 (0.82–2.46) | 1.36 (0.65–2.85) | 1.58 (0.71–3.50) |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.27 (0.74–2.19) | 1.18 (0.58–2.41) | 1.26 (0.54–2.95) |
| Tourette Syndrome, (N = 129,506) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 164/80187 | 85/27504 | 42/10925 | 52/10890 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.74 (1.11–2.74) * | 2.09 (1.15–3.81) * | 2.20 (1.37–3.55) ** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.62 (0.98–2.67) | 1.81 (0.99–3.32) | 1.63 (0.99–2.67) |
| Cerebral Palsy, (N =129,400) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 188/80113 | 130/27492 | 51/10914 | 65/10881 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.63 (1.10–2.42) * | 2.05 (1.14–3.71) * | 2.30 (1.41–3.74) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.44 (0.96–2.17) | 1.61 (0.86–3.04) | 1.68 (0.99–2.84) |
| Epilepsy or Seizure Disorder, (N = 129,481) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 669/80143 | 357/27519 | 167/10920 | 200/10899 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.47 (1.16–1.86) ** | 1.61 (1.16–2.24) ** | 2.39 (1.79–3.17) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.39 (1.07–1.80) * | 1.41 (1.00–2.00) | 2.00 (1.44–2.77) *** |
| Speech Disorder, (N = 129,499) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 5340/80168 | 2370/27509 | 1132/10922 | 1303/10900 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.25 (1.13–1.39) *** | 1.76 (1.49–2.08) *** | 2.05 (1.76–2.38) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.24 (1.10–1.38) *** | 1.71 (1.43–2.05) *** | 1.96 (1.66–2.32) *** |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder, (N = 129,309) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 1522/80040 | 939/27483 | 502/10897 | 552/10889 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.57 (1.29–1.91) *** | 2.46 (1.88–3.23) *** | 2.98 (2.35–3.77) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.35 (1.10–1.65) ** | 1.94 (1.47–2.56) *** | 2.15 (1.64–2.81) *** |
| Intellectual Disability, (N = 129,427) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 528/80106 | 360/27506 | 172/10918 | 269/10897 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.91 (1.39–2.64) *** | 1.96 (1.37–2.80) *** | 3.58 (2.59–4.96) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.55 (1.10–2.20) * | 1.41 (0.96–2.06) | 2.41 (1.68–3.47) *** |
| Severe or Frequent Headaches, (N = 129,504) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 2412/80164 | 1372/27509 | 874/10923 | 1189/10908 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.69 (1.45–1.96) *** | 3.14 (2.62–3.77) *** | 4.65 (3.93–5.49) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.36 (1.16–1.58) *** | 2.19 (1.82–2.64) *** | 2.94 (2.47–3.51) *** |
| Developmental Delay, (N = 129,413) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 3898/80123 | 2248/27496 | 1109/10906 | 1503/10888 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.64 (1.47–1.84) *** | 2.17 (1.86–2.52) *** | 3.42 (2.99–3.91) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.55 (1.38–1.74) *** | 1.98 (1.68–2.33) *** | 3.07 (2.65–3.56) *** |
| Learning Disability, (N = 112,531) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 3439/66996 | 2191/24675 | 1247/10318 | 1824/10542 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.76 (1.56–2.00) *** | 2.83 (2.40–3.32) *** | 4.35 (3.79–4.99) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.53 (1.34–1.74) *** | 2.25 (1.90–2.67) *** | 3.26 (2.80–3.80) *** |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (N = 128,897) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 5029/79840 | 3098/27365 | 1859/10855 | 2677/10837 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.81 (1.64–2.00) *** | 3.16 (2.81–3.57) *** | 5.36 (4.78–6.00) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.60 (1.43–1.79) *** | 2.54 (2.22–2.91) *** | 3.95 (3.44–4.53) *** |
| Anxiety Problems, (N = 129,488) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 5166/80183 | 3101/27498 | 1878/10920 | 2948/10887 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 1.82 (1.64–2.01) *** | 2.92 (2.57–3.32) *** | 5.63 (5.03–6.29) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.69 (1.52–1.89) *** | 2.50 (2.18–2.87) *** | 4.50 (3.96–5.12) *** |
| Behavior/Conduct Problems, (N = 129,509) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 3623/80185 | 2508/27505 | 1660/10918 | 2830/10901 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 2.14 (1.91–2.40) *** | 3.91 (3.42–4.46) *** | 7.98 (7.08–9.00) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 1.94 (1.72–2.20) *** | 3.27 (2.83–3.79) *** | 6.36 (5.53–7.32) *** |
| Depression, (N = 129,504) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 1704/80187 | 1477/27508 | 1065/10919 | 2058/10890 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 2.76 (2.34–3.25) *** | 5.29 (4.42–6.34) *** | 12.82 (11.06–14.87) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 2.34 (1.97–2.77) *** | 4.02 (3.33–4.86) *** | 9.19 (7.79–10.84) *** |
| Substance Use Disorder, (N = 92,132) | ||||
| Cases/total participants | 53/52588 | 51/20900 | 46/9135 | 132/9509 |
| Unadjusted Model | (reference) | 2.85 (1.30–6.26) ** | 3.39 (1.61–7.15) ** | 12.13 (6.18–23.84) *** |
| Adjusted Model | (reference) | 2.42 (1.08–5.44) * | 2.60 (1.12–6.04) * | 7.75 (3.45–17.39) *** |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.