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. 2021 Sep 17;22(18):10043. doi: 10.3390/ijms221810043

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) as core mechanisms linking common causative factors with male infertility. (A) Exogenous and endogenous factors impacting on male reproductive system via induction of OS and inflammation; (B) Effects of various causative factors mediated male reproductive disruptions mainly via oxidative damage and induction of apoptosis.