Friedman et al. 1994 [42] |
Breath |
6.5 |
6.25 |
Medium |
Hiroshi et al. 1978 [43] |
Breath |
7 |
5 |
Low |
Letteron et al. 1993 [44] |
Breath |
9 |
6.5 |
Medium |
Van den Velde et al. 2008 [33] |
Breath |
9.5 |
9.25 |
High |
Dadamio et al. 2012 [45] |
Breath |
10 |
8.25 |
High |
Pijls et al. 2016 [46] |
Breath |
10 |
8 |
High |
Morisco et al. 2013 [22] |
Breath |
9 |
8.25 |
High |
Del Rio et al. 2015 [47] |
Breath |
9 |
8 |
High |
Eng et al. 2015 [48] |
Breath |
9.5 |
7.25 |
High |
Alkhouri et al. 2015 [49] |
Breath |
10 |
7.25 |
High |
De Vincentis et al. 2016 [50] |
Breath |
9 |
5.75 |
Medium |
Khalid et al. 2013 [51] |
Breath |
9 |
6.75 |
Medium |
O’Hara et al. 2016 [52] |
Breath |
10 |
8.5 |
High |
Arasaradnam et al. 2015 [53] |
Breath |
9 |
5.5 |
Medium |
Solga et al. 2006 [5] |
Breath |
9 |
6.75 |
Medium |
Verdam et al. 2013 [54] |
Breath |
9 |
6.25 |
Medium |
Alkhouri et al. 2013 [55] |
Breath |
9.5 |
6.75 |
Medium |
Millonig et al. 2010 [35] |
Breath |
7.5 |
7.5 |
High |
Hanouneh et al. 2014 [21] |
Breath |
9 |
7.75 |
High |
Qin et al. 2010 [56] |
Breath |
7.5 |
6 |
Medium |
Sinha et al. 2019 [57] |
Breath |
10 |
7 |
Medium |
Ferrandino et al. 2020 [58] |
Breath |
10 |
7 |
Medium |
Miller-Atkins et al. [59] |
Breath |
10 |
8.75 |
High |
Raman et al. 2013 [60] |
Faeces |
9 |
6.75 |
Medium |
Navaneethan et al. 2015 [37] |
Bile |
9 |
6.75 |
Medium |
Navaneethan et al. 2015 [61] |
Urine |
9 |
6.75 |
Medium |
Arasaradnam et al. 2012 [62] |
Urine |
8.5 |
6 |
Medium |
Bannaga et al. 2021 [63] |
Urine |
9.5 |
7 |
Medium |