Table 2.
Chemical structures of natural products and their respective sources.
| Sources | Natural Product | Chemical Structure |
|---|---|---|
| Alpinate Oxyphyllae Fructus (Alpinia oxyphylla Miq) | Protocatechuic acid |
|
| Astragalus membranaceus | Astragaloside IV |
|
| Crocus sativus | Crocin |
|
| Curcuma longa | Curcumin |
|
| Epimedium | Icariin |
|
| Gardenia jasminoides Ellis | Genipin |
|
| Gastrodia elata Blume | Gastrodin |
|
| Ginseng | Ginsenoside Rg1 |
|
| Ginsenoside Re |
|
|
| Green tea | (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) |
|
| Isolated from a variety of plants (e.g., grapes, Vitis vinifera; olive, Olea europaea; radish, Raphanus sativus; pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo [101]) | Syringic acid |
|
| Isolated from a variety of plants (e.g., apple, Malus domestica; cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccus; peppermint, Mentha piperita; and thyme, Thymus vulgaris [102]) | Ursolic acid |
|
| Isolated from a variety of plants (e.g., apple, Malus domestica; caper, Capparis spinosa; onion, Allium cepa; tomato, Solanum lycopersicum; and grapes, Vitis vinifera [103]) | Quercetin |
|
| Pueraria lobata | Puerarin |
|
| Rhodiola rosea L. | Salidroside |
|
| Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi | Baicalin |
|
| Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F. | Triptolide |
|
| Amanita muscaria | Muscimol |
|