| ACE-I | angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors |
| ARB | angiotensin receptor blockers |
| EBM | Evidence Based Medicine |
| EHFScBS-9 | The European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale revised into a nine-item scale |
| HF | heart failure |
| NYHA functional class | New York Heart Association functional class |
| LVEF | left ventricular ejection fraction |
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