Table 1.
Baseline and treatment characteristics of 127 LAHNSCC patients treated by CCRT.
| Variables | Total | Oral Cavity with Adjuvant CCRT |
Non-Oral Cavity with Primary CCRT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables Expressed as Numbers (%) or Mean ± SD | p Value * | |||
| Included patient number | 127 (100) | 69 (54.3) | 58 (45.7) | |
| Age (years) | 53.98.8 | 53.28.4 | 54.69.2 | 0.374 |
| Sex (male:female) | 123 (96.9):4 (3.1) | 68 (98.6):1 (1.4) | 55 (94.8):3 (5.2) | 0.231 |
| Tumor subsites | ||||
| Buccal mucosa | 20 (15.7) | 20 (29.0) | ||
| Tongue | 28 (22.0) | 28 (40.6) | ||
| Gingiva | 13 (10.2) | 13 (18.9) | ||
| Mouth floor | 3 (2.4) | 3 (4.3) | ||
| Retromolar | 2 (1.6) | 2 (2.9) | ||
| Lip | 2 (1.6) | 2 (2.9) | ||
| Hard palate | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Tonsil | 13 (10.2) | 13 (22.4) | ||
| Tongue base | 6 (4.7) | 6 (10.3) | ||
| Soft palate | 3 (2.4) | 3 (5.2) | ||
| Hypopharynx | 24 (18.9) | 24 (41.4) | ||
| Larynx | 8 (6.3) | 8 (13.8) | ||
| Nasopharynx | 4 (3.2) | 4 (6.9) | ||
| TNM Stage (III:IVA:IVB) | 10 (7.9):87 (68.5):30 (23.6) | 4 (5.8):50 (72.5):15 (21.7) | 6 (10.3):37 (63.8):15 (25.9) | 0.497 |
| Tumor size | 0.004 * | |||
| T0 | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.4) | |
| T1 | 7 (5.5) | 2 (2.9) | 5 (8.6) | |
| T2 | 21 (16.5) | 6 (8.7) | 15 (25.9) | |
| T3 | 21 (16.5) | 11 (15.9) | 10 (17.2) | |
| T4a | 64 (50.4) | 45 (65.2) | 19 (32.8) | |
| T4b | 12 (9.4) | 5 (7.3) | 7 (12.1) | |
| LN involvement | 0.035 * | |||
| N0 | 25 (19.7) | 21 (30.4) | 4 (6.9) | |
| N1 | 18 (14.2) | 9 (13.1) | 9 (15.5) | |
| N2 | 64 (50.4) | 29 (42.0) | 35 (60.4) | |
| N3 | 20 (15.7) | 10 (14.5) | 10 (17.2) | |
| Histological grade (1:2:3) | 11 (8.7):86 (67.7):30 (23.6) | 8 (11.6):51 (73.9):10 (14.5) | 3 (5.2):35 (60.3):20 (34.5) | 0.021 * |
| Smoking (no:yes) | 12 (9.4):115 (90.6) | 6 (8.7):63 (91.3) | 6 (10.3):52 (89.7) | 0.752 |
| Alcohol (no:yes) | 32 (25.2):95 (74.8) | 18 (26.1):51 (73.9) | 14 (24.1):44 (75.9) | 0.801 |
| Betel nut (no:yes) | 45 (35.4):82 (64.6) | 16 (23.2):53 (76.8) | 29 (50.0):29 (50.0) | 0.002 * |
| HN-CCI (0:1:2: ≥3) | 0.408 | |||
| 0 | 50 (39.4) | 29 (42.1) | 21 (36.2) | |
| 1 | 31 (24.4) | 15 (21.7) | 16 (27.6) | |
| 2 | 14 (11.0) | 6 (8.7) | 8 (13.8) | |
| ≥3 | 31 (25.2) | 19 (27.5) | 13 (22.4) | |
| ECOG performance status (0:1:2) | 10 (7.9):110 (86.6):7 (5.5) | 2 (2.9):61 (86.4):6 (8.6) | 8 (13.8):49 (84.5):1 (1.7) | 0.046 * |
| Tracheostomy (no:yes) | 71 (55.9):56 (44.1) | 23 (33.3):46 (66.7) | 48 (82.8):10 (17.2) | <0.001 * |
| PG-SGA (well:moderate:severe) | 19 (15.0):73 (57.4):35 (27.6) | 13 (18.8):38 (55.1):18 (26.1) | 6 (10.4):35 (60.3):17 (29.3) | 0.408 |
| Anthropometric and biochemical data before CCRT | ||||
| BW (kg) | 63.0 ± 12.1 | 63.6 ± 12.6 | 62.4 ± 11.7 | 0.583 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.7 ± 4.0 | 22.7 ± 4.3 | 22.8 ± 3.9 | 0.961 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 11.9 ± 1.6 | 11.7 ± 1.5 | 12.1 ± 1.8 | 0.157 |
| WBC (×103 cells/mm3) | 7.2 ± 2.7 | 7.3 ± 2.5 | 7.1 ± 2.9 | 0.811 |
| Platelet count (×103/mm3) | 30.1.8 ± 127.9 | 341.1 ± 148.4 | 254.9 ± 76.2 | <0.001 * |
| TLC (×103 cells/mm3) | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 0.134 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 0.578 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 14.2 ± 11.6 | 11.2 ± 1.8 | 11.9 ± 6.1 | 0.260 |
| ALT (U/L) | 23.0 ± 13.2 | 24.3 ± 1.6 | 21.4 ± 1.7 | 0.223 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.95 ± 1.28 | 0.81 ± 0.03 | 1.12 ± 0.24 | 0.184 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 108.8 ± 35.8 | 113.9 ± 4.3 | 102.7 ± 4.6 | 0.079 |
| DXA-related measurements before CCRT | ||||
| LBM (kg) | 43.7 ± 5.9 | 43.8 ± 5.1 | 43.6 ± 6.7 | 0.868 |
| TFM (kg) | 16.6 ± 7.6 | 17.0 ± 8.8 | 16.1 ± 5.9 | 0.516 |
| ASM (kg) | 18.6 ± 5.4 | 18.4 ± 3.0 | 18.7 ± 3.7 | 0.582 |
| BMC (kg) | 2.55 ± 0.38 | 1.35 ± 0.44 | 1.36 ± 0.55 | 0.023 * |
| Mean daily calorie intake during CCRT (kcal/kg/day) | 27.2 ± 8.1 | 28.6 ± 8.6 | 25.7 ± 7.2 | 0.035 * |
| CCRT regimen | ||||
| Radiotherapy | ||||
| Dose (Gy) | 66.8 ± 4.4 | 64.3 ± 3.8 | 69.9 ± 3.0 | <0.001 * |
| Fractions | 32.6 ± 1.7 | 32.0 ± 1.5 | 33.4 ± 1.4 | <0.001 * |
| Duration (days) | 49.7 ± 6.6 | 48.0 ± 4.8 | 51.6 ± 7.8 | 0.003 * |
| Cisplatin dose (mg/m2) | 227.847.1 | 238.545.5 | 215.064.0 | 0.01 * |
| Toxicity during CCRT | ||||
| Non-hematologic (any Grade:Grade ¾) | ||||
| Dermatitis | 121 (89.8):6 (4.7) | 66 (89.8):3 (4.3) | 55 (89.8):3 (5.2) | 0.827 |
| Pharyngitis | 52 (40.9):14 (11.1) | 24 (34.8):4 (5.7) | 28 (48.3):10 (17.2) | 0.082 |
| Infection | 31 (24.4):27 (21.2) | 13 (18.8):10 (14.4) | 18 (31.4):17 (29.3) | 0.042 * |
| Mucositis | 46 (36.2):32 (25.2) | 27 (39.1):18 (26.0) | 19 (32.8):14 (24.1) | 0.653 |
| Emesis | 61 (48.0):10 (7.5) | 33 (47.8):6 (8.7) | 28 (48.3):4 (6.9) | 0.708 |
| Hematologic (any Grade:Grade ¾) | ||||
| Anemia | 123 (96.9):12 (9.5) | 66 (95.8):5 (7.2) | 57 (98.3):7 (12.0) | 0.355 |
| Neutropenia | 102 (80.3):45 (35.5) | 57 (82.6):23 (33.3) | 45 (77.6):22 (38.0) | 0.589 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 85 (66.9):12 (9.5) | 42 (60.9):4 (5.7) | 43 (74.1):8 (13.8) | 0.125 |
* Compare the value difference between the oral cavity and non-oral cavity for each variable. p < 0.05 represents statistical significance. Abbreviations: LAHNSCC, locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy; SD, standard deviation; LN, lymph node; HN-CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; PG-SGA, patient-generated subjective global assessment; BW, body weight; BMI, body mass index; Hb, hemoglobin; WBC, white blood cell; TLC, total lymphocyte count; CRP, C-reactive protein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; LBM, lean body mass; TFM, total fat mass; ASM, appendicular skeletal mass; BMC, bone mineral content.