Figure 2.

Neuroradiological and histological features of HGG. Axial T2-weighted (A) and axial Gd-enhanced T1-weighted (B) MR imaging showing a heterogeneous mass in the left insula and basal ganglia, with irregular ring enhancement, corresponding to areas of restricted diffusion on DWI (C) and elevated perfusion on CBV map (D). SWI (E) shows extensive “blooming” foci, consistent with intratumoral hemorrhage. Arrows point at the tumor (A–E). MRS (F) shows elevated Cho and decreased NAA. MRI features are consistent with GBM. The neuropathological examination confirms the presence of a high-grade diffuse astrocytic glioma (G) with evidence of vascular proliferation (not shown). The tumor is IDH-wt and shows strong immunoreactivity for GFAP (G, inset).