Table 3.

Main effects test in intervention studies (random effects model).

Outcome Variable	k	N	p	d	95%CI
learning performance	81	5708	<0.00001	0.55	[0.40,0.69]
academic emotion	54	3654	0.03	0.14	[0.01,0.27]

Notes: k represents the number of independent effect sizes, N represents the sample size (the same below), p represents the double-tailed test, and d = Cohen’s D. Here, 95% CI refers to the 95% confidence interval (including lower and upper limit) of effect size d corresponding to each outcome variable.