Table 1.

Effect of age on Von Willebrand factor in the healthy population.

Location	Population Characteristics	Results	Author
Italy	184 healthy individuals included 74 centenarians (100–107 years), 55 younger controls (<45 years), 55 older controls (>45 years)	centenarians VWF:Ag level 245 (U/dL) in O blood group and 285 (U/dL) in non-O blood group; older controls VWF:Ag level 99 (U/dL) in O blood group and 152 (U/dL) in non-O blood group; younger controls VWF:Ag level 77 (U/dL) in O blood group and 115 (U/dL) in non-O blood group; VWF activity level centenarians > older controls > younger controls	Coppola et al., 2003 [67]
Canada	207 healthy individuals included 113 old (55–87 years), 42 middle-age (30–49 years), 52 young (1–17 years)	Plasma VWF level increased with age reaching a 1.71-fold by old age in non-O and 1.25-fold in O blood group. VWF activity reached 2.03-fold by old age and VWFpp level (as a marker of VWF secretion) elevated to 1.26-fold in older individuals with blood type non-O than blood type O.	Albanez et al., 2016 [68]
United Kingdom	Cohort of 5052 healthy individuals	VWF:Ag level increase minor and non-significant up to age of 40 years but elevated significantly above age >40 years. For the whole cohort absolute increase between each age group: 2 IU/dL between <20 years and 21–30 years, 3 IU/dL between 21–30 years and 31–40 years, 7 IU/dL between 31–40 years and 41–50 years, 8 IU/dL between 41–50 years and 51–60 years, and 15 IU/dL between 51–60 years and 61–70 years.	Davies et al., 2012 [74]
Japan	Cohort of 3616 healthy Japanese population between the age range of 30–79 years	VWF:Ag increased with advancing age and the linear regression coefficient being 1.37 and 1.30 in men and women respectively. Plasma ADMATS13 activity decreased with age, significantly after 60 years and regression coefficient was −0.642 resulted in increased ratio of VWF:Ag-to-ADAMTS13 activity with age.	Kokame et al., 2011 [72]
Kuwait	200 healthy individuals	Plasma VWF level significantly higher in older individuals and ADAMTS-13 activity decreased with age, however, ADAMTS13 level not affected by age.	Al-Awadhi et al., 2014 [73]
The Netherlands	Cohort of 2923 individuals between the age range of 18–70 years	VWF:Ag increase per decade of age 18 IU/dL and for FVIII activity 12 IU/dL. After adjustment for acquired factors (comorbidities, body mass index, reduced kidney function, hormone use, and inflammation), the increase per decade 13 IU/dL for VWF:Ag and 9 IU/dL for FVIII activity. Increase was higher in blood group non-O.	Biguzzi et al., 2021 [69]