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Overview of the cap 1 structure formation in SARS−CoV-2: (1) The NiRAN domain of nsp12 polymerase subunit catalyzes the transfer of GDP to the nascent RNA (5′pppA−RNA), releasing a pyrophosphate; (2) nsp14 methyltransferase with a co−factor nsp10 methylates guanosine at the N7 position and forms the cap−0 structure (m7GpppA); (3) nsp16 in complex with nsp10 methylates ribose at the 2′O position of the first transcribed nucleotide to form the cap−1 structure (m7GpppAm).
