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. 2021 Sep 18;18(18):9859. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189859

Table 1.

Relative risks (RR) for ALRI, COPD, IHD, lung cancer, and stroke, for women, caused by exposure to air pollution from PM2.5. Please note that the central values are not provided for IHD and stroke but only the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of their predicted values.

Disease RR (95% CI) Reference
Acute lower respiratory infection 2.3 (1.8–2.8) [6,7,27]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2.3 (1.7–3.1) [6,7,27]
Ischemic heart disease (1.4–2.2) [6,7,27]
Lung cancer 2.3 (1.5–2.8) [6,7,27]
Stroke (1.4–2.4) [6,7,27]