. 2021 Sep 15;18(18):9730. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189730

Table 2.

Comparisons of water arsenic, muscle mass measures, and HOMA-IR of male and female subjects between the low- and high-arsenic exposure areas.

Variables	Area	Male		Female
Variables	Area	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
Water As (µg/L)	Low	41	2.48 ± 3.4	55	2.84 ± 4.76
Water As (µg/L)	High	189	157.25 ± 175.4 ^#	152	172.04 ± 167.69 ^#
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	Low	41	0.96 ± 0.16	55	0.86 ± 0.18
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	High	189	0.80 ± 0.18 ^#	151	0.77 ± 0.16 ^#
LBM (kg)	Low	41	43.98 ± 6.96	55	36.58 ± 5.7
LBM (kg)	High	189	43.57 ± 6.15	152	33.13 ± 8.08 ^#
The subjects with the HOMA-IR measurement (n = 271) ^$
Water As (µg/L)	Low	29	2.35 ± 3.35	39	2.88 ± 4.84
Water As (µg/L)	High	105	162.9 ± 156.77 ^#	98	186.74 ± 156.77 ^#
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	Low	29	0.99 ± 0.14	39	0.9 ± 0.15
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	High	105	0.78 ± 0.16 ^#	98	0.77 ± 0.13 ^#
LBM (kg)	Low	29	43.42 ± 6.89	39	37.24 ± 5.93
LBM (kg)	High	105	42.84± 7.47	98	31.29 ± 8.09 ^#
HOMA-IR	Low	29	0.81 ± 0.16	39	0.91 ± 0.37
HOMA-IR	High	105	1.57 ± 0.8 ^#	98	2.35 ± 1.88 ^#

^# Significantly different (p < 0.001) from the low-exposure area by an independent sample t-test. ^$ The subjects with the HOMA-IR measurement participated also in the previous study in which HOMA-IR values were determined (Mondal et al., 2020).