Table 6.

Distribution of household farmers’ personal characteristics, grain handling and mycotoxin awareness variables.

Variables	Nasarawa	Niger	Variables	Nasarawa	Niger
Age (years; mean ± SE) and Education:	n = 82	n = 73	Coping strategy with seed soiled by rain:	n = 34	n = 22
Age	33.9 ±13.8	36.9 ± 16.6	Sun-drying	24 (70.6%)	20 (90.9%)
<Secondary	32 (39.0%)	33 (45.2%)	None	9 (26.5%)	2 (9.1%)
≥Secondary	50 (61.0%)	40 (54.8%)	Grain processing method:	n = 82	n = 73
Sex:	n = 82	n = 73	Sorting	74 (90.2%)	69 (94.5%)
Male	48 (58.5%)	35 (48.0%)	Winnowing	65 (79.3%)	46 (63.0%)
Female	34 (41.5%)	37 (50.7%)	Hot water washing	36 (43.9%)	15 (20.6%)
Seed source:	n = 82	n = 73	Cold water washing	28 (34.1%)	10 (13.7%)
Open market	5 (6.1%)	14 (19.2%)	Parboiling	10 (12.2%)	4 (5.5%)
Previous harvest	77 (93.9%)	59 (80.8%)	Fermenting	37 (45.1%)	17 (23.3%)
Seed type: Local/traditional	81 (98.8%)	69 (94.5%)	Awareness of mycotoxins:	n = 82	n = 73
Pre-storage handling practice:	n = 82	n = 73	Can identify mouldy food	69 (84.1%)	58 (79.5%)
Sun-drying	81 (98.8%)	65 (89.0%)	Have heard of mycotoxins	35 (42.7%)	11 (15.1%)
Shelling	21 (25.6%)	30 (41.1%)	Food handling practice to ameliorate mycotoxins	21 (25.6%)	8 (11.0%)
Packaging	59 (72.0%)	35 (48.0%)	Handling practice to ameliorate mycotoxins:	n = 21	n = 8
Storage systems:	n = 82	n = 73	Harvest grains early	2 (9.5%)	6 (75.0%)
None	2 (2.4%)	11 (15.1%)	Use of chemicals	4 (19.1%)	2 (25.0%)
Bags	74 (90.2%)	54 (74.0%)	Smoking/drying	10 (47.6%)	-
Plastic container	2 (2.4%)	2 (2.7%)	Adequate storage	5 (23.8%)	-
Rhumbu	2 (2.4%)	4(5.5%)	Source of awareness:	n = 35	n = 11
Kitchen roof	2 (2.4%)	2 (2.7%)	Mass media	9 (25.7%)	2 (18.2%)
Protection of stored grains from rain & water	48 (58.5%)	51 (69.9%)	Community campaign	16 (45.7%)	5 (45.5%)
Storage period:	n = 82	n = 73	Extension education	10 (28.6%)	4 (36.4%)
<1 month	-	5 (6.9%)
1–3 months	19 (23.2%)	10 (13.7%)
>3 month	63 (76.8%)	57 (78.1%)