Table 3.

Summary of 62 human studies and literature reviews of human studies on genistein’s effects on women’s health—both in vivo and in vitro studies are included.

Category of Studies’ Conclusions Regarding Genistein/Whole Isoflavones/Genistein Metabolites	Total Number of Studies (Number Included in the Exposure Testing Range/Daily Dosage Column In Vivo) a	Exposure Testing Range In Vitro (µM)	Daily Dosage Testing Range In Vivo (mg)	References
Evidence suggests effects are primarily beneficial	42 (27)	Genistein: 2.0–370	Genistein: 36–600 (all doses above 54 were in one study) Genistein Mode: 54 (7 studies) Whole Isoflavones: 40–165 Soy Intakes/Week: 0.76–12.0	[67,68,95,108,109,110,111,112,120,121,125,132,143,144,145,146,147,149,150,152,161,171,172,173,175,176,178,179,180,182,184,185,186,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200]
Evidence suggests effects are debated/inconclusive, but does suggest potential benefits	11 (9)	Genistein: 0.0037–185	Genistein: 30–54 Whole Isoflavones: 45	[108,114,119,128,129,151,154,155,163,174,181]
Evidence suggests effects are debated/inconclusive, and does not show any potential for benefits	4 (2)	Genistein: 1–10	Whole Isoflavones: 33.3–300	[148,153,159,162]
Evidence suggests effects are primarily detrimental	5 (5)	Genistein: 0.001–3.7	N/A b	[127,133,157,158,201]

^a Omitted studies include those which reported measures that could not be converted to fit this table. ^b Not applicable.