Table 1.

Population-level food and alcohol policies across shared targets/points of intervention.

Target of Policy/Strategy	Foods and Non-Alcoholic Beverages	Alcoholic Beverages
Fiscal policy	Taxation of sugar content in SSBs [118,119], and dietary fat content of foods [120]	Minimum unit pricing [121,122,123] Taxation of alcohol content [124,125]
Mass media and marketing	Restrictions on advertising [126] e.g., UK government’s 9 pm watershed on television advertising of food and drink products high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) [127] Regulation of marketing e.g., HFSS food companies’ sponsorship of, and advertising in sport environments [128,129]	Restrictions on advertising [130,131] Regulation of marketing e.g., alcohol sponsorship of, and advertising in sport environments [132,133]
Sales availability	Regulation of takeaway outlet density e.g., exclusion zones around schools [134], planning regulations [135,136] Regulation of digital on demand food delivery services [137]	Regulation of alcohol outlet density [138,139] Regulation of licensing hours [138,140] Regulation of digital on demand alcohol delivery services [141]
Product server setting	Information-based cue at point-of-purchase e.g., grocery store [142,143] Regulation of volume-based price promotions e.g., ‘2 for 1 deals’ [144]	Information-based cue at point-of-purchase e.g., bar [145] Regulation of price and volume promotions e.g., ‘2 for 1 deals’ [146,147]
Product reformulation	Production of reduced fat and sugar product varieties [148,149]	Production of low- and no-alcohol beverage alternatives [123,150]
Product labelling	Use of on-pack nutrition labelling [142] Use of on-pack health warning labels [151,152]	Use of on-bottle energy content labelling [153] Use of on-bottle health warning labels [152,154]
Standard serving sizes	Reduction of standard serving sizes [155,156]	Reduction of standard serving sizes [157,158]