Table 1.

Overview of the available experimental models for the study of viral/bacterial co-infections, with their respective advantages and drawbacks.

Experimental Models		Advantages	Drawbacks	Refs
In vitro	Cell monolayers (Cell lines/primary cells)	Easy handling/practical Low cost	Limited biological relevance	[128,174,175]
	Reconstituted HAE	Physiological relevance	High cost	[129]
In vivo	Mouse	Low cost Availability Transgenic/Humanized/KO models	Limited biological relevance	[45,46,59,113,176,177,178,179,180]
	NHP	Physiological relevance	High cost Ethical concern High complexity Availability of reagents	[43,44,181,182]
	Ferret			[183]
	Human challenge			[184]