Table 7.

Potential advantages and disadvantages of different types of Zika vaccines.

Vaccine Types	Advantages	Disadvantages	Ref.
DNA vaccines	Chemically stable and cost effective; easy and safe to scale up; can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses and are capable of mediating long-term protection	Have the potential of integrating the exogenous gene into the host genome, leading to induction of host autoimmunity	[17,18,19,20,21,22,25]
Subunit vaccines	Rapid, stable, and consistent production	Normally need multiple doses with appropriate adjuvants	[26,27,28,29,30,31]
Live-attenuated vaccines	Single dose could induce high immune responses, rapid induction of durable immunity	Safety problems and need cold-chain storage facilities	[24,34,35,36,37]
Virus-vector-based vaccines	Single dose could induce higher and faster immune responses with lasting protection	Pre-existing immunity problem	[39,41,42,43,44,45,48,49]
Inactivated vaccines	Easy production and storage; convenient to make multivalent vaccines	Safety problems; need multiple injections; unable to deal with mutant viruses	[59,60,61,62,63,64]
VLP-based vaccines	Noninfectious and could induce robust antibodies; multiple choices of expression systems	Application for clinical use needs further studies	[69,70,71]
mRNA-based vaccines	Rapid and flexible production; could induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses	Need cold-chain storage facilities; new technology, lack of historical accumulation	[72,73,74]