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. 2021 Sep 21;14:4839–4858. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S321513

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© 2021 Li et al.

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Delayed phagocytosis and degradation of NETs by human alveolar macrophages induces pyroptosis in the presence of LPS. (A) NETs were internalized by early endosomes in alveolar macrophages, but their transport to lysosomes was delayed. (B and C) NE accumulated in alveolar macrophages stimulated with LPS and NETs at 12 h. (D) The decrease in NET DNA content was less marked when alveolar macrophages were coincubated with LPS and NETs than when they were treated with LPS or NETs alone, but NET DNA content reached a plateau at 12 h. Incubation with LPS and NETs resulted in (E) intracellular pyroptosome (ASC speck) formation, (F) cleaved caspase-1 expression and sharp elevation of IL-1β levels in the supernatant, (G) significant enhancement of LDH release, and (H) a dramatic increase in AIM2 mRNA expression. (*p<0.05, ***p<0.001).