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. 2021 Sep 21;14:4839–4858. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S321513

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© 2021 Li et al.

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Hypothesized model of the mechanism by which NETs and pyroptotic alveolar macrophage interact to mediate of lung injury and inflammation in ARDS. It is proposed that NETs may originate from infiltrated neutrophils as a result of gram-negative bacteria and be engulfed by alveolar macrophages, causing AIM2 inflammasome activation and subsequent alveolar macrophage pyroptosis, which in turn results in the recruitment of more neutrophils and amplifies inflammation by promoting the production of cytokines that eventually contribute to the pathogenesis of ARDS.

Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps; AIM2, absent in melanoma 2; RBC, red blood cell.