Table 2.
mRNA-based influenza vaccines.
| Immunogens | mRNA Type | Model/Route/mRNA Dose (μg) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemagglutinin (HA) (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1 virus) | Codon optimized/protamine RNA | Mice: i.d./20 μg, 80 μg. Ferrets: i.m./20, 80, 250 ug Pigs: i.d./250 μg |
[119] |
| HA (H1N1, A/Cal09) | Self-amplifying mRNA/Cationic nanoemulsion | Mice: i.m./0.1, 1,10 μg Ferrets: i.m./15, 45 μg |
[120] |
| HA (H1N1pdm09) | Codon optimized/unmodified/LNPs | Mice: i.m./0.5, 5 μg NHPs: i.m./10 μg |
[121] |
| HA (H10N8) | Nucleoside modified/LNPs | NHPs: i.m./50 μg mRNA +/− GLA (5 μg) adjuvant | [98] |
| HA (H1N1, A/Cal09) | Nucleoside modified (m1ψ-mRNA/LNPs) | Mice: i.d. (3, 10, 30 μg) Mice: i.m. (10, 30, 90 μg) Ferrets: i.m./30 μg |
[122] |
| HA (H1, A/PR8) | Nucleoside modified (m1ψ-mRNA/LNPs) | Mice: i.d. (30 μg, single dose) | [97] |
| Mini-HA stalk, NA, M2, NP | Nucleoside modified (m1ψ-mRNA/LNPs) | Mice: i.d. (0.05, 0.5, 5, 10, 20 μg, single dose) | [123] |
| HA (H10N8, H7N9; H10 mRNA in phase 1) | Nucleoside modified/LNPs | Mice: i.d., i.m./10 μg, single dose; 0.4, 2 μg boost dose) Ferrets: i.d./10, 50, 200 μg NHPs: i.d., i.m./200, 400 μg Humans (phase 1): i.m./100 μg |
[21] |
| HA (H10N8, H7N9; H10 mRNA, phase 1) | Nucleoside modified/LNPs | Adults: i.m./H7N9 mRNA 10, 25, 50 μg; i.m./H10N8 mRNA 25, 50, 75, 100, 400 μg; i.d./25, 50 μg | [22] |
LNPs: lipid nanoparticles. NHPs: non-human primates. i.d.: intradermal, i.m.: intramuscular.