Table 2.

Estimated intake of microplastics through inhalation, food and beverages, and packaging.

Sample	Origin	Estimated Intake	Ref.
Air (inhalation)	Europe (UE)	26–130 particles/day/capita 272 particles/day/capita	[210,211]
Dust	Tehran, Iran (IR)	107–736 particles/year/capita (adults, normal exposure) 353–2429 particles/year/capita (adults, acute exposure) 644 particles/year/capita (children, normal exposure) 3223 particles/year/capita (children, acute exposure)	[34]
Seafood	Europe and American countries	518–3078 particles/year/capita	[141]
Seafood	UK Other countries such as France, Belgium, and Spain	123 particles/year/capita (UK) 4620 particles/year/capita	[208]
Salt	Australia, France, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Portugal South Africa	37 particles/year/capita	[164]
Salt	Turkey	249–302 particles/year/capita (sea salt) 203–247 particles/year/capita (lake salt) 64–78 particles/year/capita (rock salt)	[162]
Salt	North Sea Salt, Celtic Sea Salt, Mediterranean Sea Salt Mediterranean Sea Salt Utah Sea Salt Himalayan Rock Salt Mined Hawaiian Sea Salt Ocean Baja Sea Salt Ocean Atlantic Sea Salt Ocean Pacific Sea Salt	40–680 particles/year/capita	[166]
Salt	Spain	510 particles/year/capita	[163]
Salt	China (CN)	1000 particles/year/capita	[170]
Drinking water	Asia, USA, and Europe	3000–4000 particles/year/capita	[187]
Drinking water	America	4000 particles/year/capita (consumers of tap water) 90,000 particles/year/capita (consumers of water from plastic bottles)	[188]
Drinking water, salt, and beer	USA	5800 particles/year/capita	[166]
Milk (Infant exposure)	Asia, Europe, America, Oceania, Africa	527,000 and 893,000 particles/day/capita (Asia and Africa) 2,100,000 particles/day/capita (Oceania) 2,280,000 particles/day/capita (North America) 2,610,000 particles/day/capita (Europe)	[196]
Fruit and vegetables	Italy (IT)	29,600–1,416,000 particles/kg/day	[200]
Meat (food packaging)	France (FR)	0.1–515.2 mg/year/capita	[205]
Take-out containers	China (CN)	2977 particles/year/capita	[207]