Table 2.
A summary of recent studies exploring the alterations in neurocognitive functioning and behavior due to the combination of HIV-1 infection and methamphetamine (METH) use.
| Study and Year | Study Design | Experimental Model | Study Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human studies | |||
| Pocuca et al., 2020 [137] | Cross-sectional | 205 adults (67 HIV-/METH-, 36 HIV-/METH+, 49 HIV+/METH-, and 53 HIV+/METH+) | METH, but not HIV-1, was associated with sustained attention and vigilance deficits. |
| Walter et al., 2021 [138] | Cross-sectional | 205 adults (69 HIV-/METH-, 40 HIV-/METH+, 52 HIV+/METH-, and 44 HIV+/METH+) | Prepulse inhibition was most decreased in people with HIV-1 and a history of METH dependence. |
| Minassian et al., 2017 [139] | Cross-sectional | 172 adults (49 HIV-/METH-, 48 HIV-/METH+, 37 HIV+/METH-, and 38 HIV+/METH+) | Additive effects of HIV-1 and METH were not observed for everyday functioning. |
| Paolillo et al., 2019 [140] | Cross-sectional | 210 adults (92 HIV-/METH-, 75 HIV+/METH-, and 43 HIV+/METH+) | Persons with comorbid HIV-1 and METH use disorder had higher frailty index scores than both HIV-/MA- and HIV+/MA- participants. Additional models linked higher frailty index scores to worse global neurocognition and greater likelihood of everyday functioning dependence among the HIV+/METH+ group. |
| Sun-Suslow et al., 2020 [141] | Cross-sectional | 313 adults (72 HIV-/METH-, 16 HIV-/METH+, 141 HIV+/METH-, and 84 HIV+/METH+) | HIV+/METH+ individuals endorsed significantly more problematic sleep than HIV+ and HIV-/METH- individuals. Poorer reported sleep quality among HIV+/METH+ was also associated with multiple adverse functional outcomes including greater objective cognitive impairment. |
| Saloner et al., 2020 [142] | Cross-sectional | 125 adults (23 HIV-/METH-, 35 HIV-/METH+, 22 HIV+/METH-, and 45 HIV+/METH+) | Prevalence of lifetime major depression disorder was higher in HIV+/METH+ compared with the other groups. |
| Javanbakht et al., 2020 [143] | Longitudinal | 534 men (267 HIV+ and 267 HIV-); METH use was not individually reported |
Frequent METH use, but not HIV status, was associated with persistence of depressive symptoms. |
| Rodent Studies | |||
| Kesby et al., 2018 [135] | Cross-sectional | Doxycycline-inducible HIV-1 Tat transgenic mouse model | The combination of Tat expression and METH exposure did not induce significant learning deficits but did increase perseverations at the initiation of reversal learning suggesting slight impairments in executive function. |
| Nookala et al., 2018 [136] | Cross-sectional | Doxycycline-inducible HIV-1 Tat transgenic mouse model | Administration of METH to HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice exacerbated the deficits in spatial learning and memory characterized by decreased spontaneous alternations in Y maze and increased latency time to reach the escape platform in the Morris water maze. |
| Walter et al., 2021 [138] | Cross-sectional | Doxycycline-inducible HIV-1 Tat transgenic mouse model | Chronic METH treatment and Tat expression did not interact to affect prepulse inhibition in mice. |
| Kesby et al., 2016 [144] | Cross-sectional | Doxycycline-inducible HIV-1 Tat transgenic mouse model | Tat expression in mice led to reward deficits, a core symptom of depression, and a greater sensitivity to METH-induced reward enhancement. |
| Kesby et al., 2019 [145] | Cross-sectional | Doxycycline-inducible HIV-1 Tat transgenic mouse model | Longer-term Tat expression, or its induction at earlier stages of METH exposure, was more consequential at inducing behavioral and neurochemical effects. |