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. 2021 Sep 28;13(9):283–293. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v13.i9.283

Table 1.

Summary of existing data surrounding the use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging use in coronavirus disease 2019 patients

Ref.
Study design
Sample size
CMRI findings
Other diagnostic findings
Kariyanna et al[24],2020 Systematic review of 9 case reports and 2 retrospective studies 11 COVID-19 patients with reported myocardial inflammation or myocarditis LGE highlighted in 100% of the patients Elevated cardiac markers (Troponin, CK-MB, BNP) in 9 cases. Bilateral ground glass opacities seen in all patients with CT (6 cases). ECG abnormalities (ST-elevation and T-wave inversion) in 7 cases, and decreased LVEF in 6 cases. Active inflammation reported in the all biopsies performed (2 cases) and cardiomegaly reported in 7 cases
Puntmann et al[25], 2020 Prospective observational cohort study 100 recovered COVID-19 patients Raised T1 in 73% of patients, raised T2 in 60%, LGE findings in 32%, and pericardial enhancement in 22% Elevated troponin in 71% of patients, and significantly elevated Troponin in 5%. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed active lymphocytic inflammation. Lower LVEF and RVEF noted
Huang et al[26], 2020 Retrospective study 26 recovered COVID-19 patients who reported cardiac symptoms and underwent CMRI Elevated T2 and/or LGE in 58% (15 patients) with 14 patients having myocardial edema and 8 LGE +. Global T1, T2, and extracellular volume were elevated in patients with abnormal CMRIs Decreased RVEF, cardiac index, and stroke volume found in patients with positive CMRI findings
Clark et al[27], 2020 Retrospective cohort analysis 22 collegiate athletes with prior COVID-19 infection LGE found in 9% (2 athletes) All patients had normal Troponin, normal ECG, normal LVEF. LV mass was higher and RVEF was lower in athletes compared to control group
Li et al[28], 2021 Prospective observational cohort study 40 COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe pneumonia and no cardiovascular medical history LGE findings in 3% (1 patient), elevated extracellular volume values in 60% (24 patients) Normal LV and RV size and function. 70% (24 patients) had lower LV 2D-global longitudinal strain with subclinical changes of myocardial dysfunction

CMRI: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; LGE: Late gadolinium enhancement; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-MB; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; CT: Computed tomography; ECG: Electrocardiogram; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; RVEF: Right ventricular ejection fraction LV: Left ventricular; RV: Right ventricular.