Table 1.
Summary of meta-analysis results for global seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers in healthcare workers
|
|
Prevalence % (95%CI)
|
95% Prediction interval
|
Studies, n
|
Participants, n
|
1
H
(95%CI)
|
2
I²
(95%CI)
|
P
value (heterogeneity)
|
P
value (Egger test)
|
| Current HBV infection (HBsAg) | ||||||||
| Overall | 2.4 (2-2.8) | 0-11 | 275 | 153326 | 4.1 (4-4.3) | 94.1 (93.6-94.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Cross-sectional | 2.4 (2-2.9) | 0-11.1 | 271 | 150516 | 4.1 (4-4.3) | 94.2 (93.7-94.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Low risk of bias | 1.8 (1.4-2.3) | 0-8.2 | 107 | 40212 | 3 (2.8-3.2) | 88.8 (87-90.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Current HBV infection (HBeAg) | ||||||||
| Overall | 0.3 (0-1.7) | 0-70.6 | 3 | 4408 | 3.6 (2.3-5.7) | 92.3 (80.7-96.9) | < 0.001 | 0.577 |
| Cross-sectional | 0.3 (0-1.7) | 0-70.6 | 3 | 4408 | 3.6 (2.3-5.7) | 92.3 (80.7-96.9) | < 0.001 | 0.577 |
| Low risk of bias | 0 (0-0.1) | NA-NA | 1 | 3513 | NA (NA-NA) | NA (NA-NA) | 1 | NA |
| HBV acute infection | ||||||||
| Overall | 5.4 (1.4-11.3) | 0-37 | 12 | 3665 | 6.1 (5.3-7.1) | 97.3 (96.4-98) | < 0.001 | 0.256 |
| Cross-sectional | 5.4 (1.4-11.3) | 0-37 | 12 | 3665 | 6.1 (5.3-7.1) | 97.3 (96.4-98) | < 0.001 | 0.256 |
| Low risk of bias | 1.9 (0-8.7) | 0-48.1 | 5 | 1639 | 6.5 (5.1-8.2) | 97.6 (96.2-98.5) | < 0.001 | 0.824 |
| Immunity against HBV | ||||||||
| Overall | 56.6 (49.3-63.7) | 2.8-100 | 84 | 37622 | 14 (13.5-14.4) | 99.5 (99.5-99.5) | < 0.001 | 0.763 |
| Cross-sectional | 56.3 (48.8-63.7) | 2.4-100 | 80 | 36311 | 14.2 (13.8-14.7) | 99.5 (99.5-99.5) | < 0.001 | 0.811 |
| Low risk of bias | 65.9 (56.1-75.1) | 10.3-100 | 35 | 22401 | 14.7 (14.1-15.4) | 99.5 (99.5-99.6) | < 0.001 | 0.974 |
| Immunity due to natural HBV infection | ||||||||
| Overall | 9.2 (6.9-11.8) | 0-34.5 | 57 | 23002 | 6.3 (5.9-6.7) | 97.4 (97.1-97.8) | < 0.001 | 0.853 |
| Cross-sectional | 9.2 (6.9-11.9) | 0-34.6 | 56 | 22867 | 6.3 (5.9-6.7) | 97.5 (97.1-97.8) | < 0.001 | 0.851 |
| Low risk of bias | 7 (4-10.8) | 0-30.3 | 20 | 10408 | 6.4 (5.7-7.1) | 97.6 (97-98) | < 0.001 | 0.463 |
1
H is a measure of the extent of heterogeneity, a value of H =1 indicates homogeneity of effects and a value of H > 1 indicates a potential heterogeneity of effects.
2
I2 describes the proportion of total variation in study estimates that is due to heterogeneity, a value > 50% indicates presence of heterogeneity.
HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg: Hepatitis e antigen; CI: Confidence interval; NA: Not available.