Table 4.

Studies on the use of macrolides.

Study	Population	Size	Disease severity	Drug(s)	Regimen	Comparison	Follow up period	Clinical improvementa	Parasite clearanceb
Huang et al. (2015)	>20 yo drug users	151	Asymptomatic	Acetylspiramycin plus Garlicin	200 mg plus 40 mg QID for 7 days	Placebo	Day 7	N/A	92% (35/38) vs. 62% (21/34)a
Dionisio et al. (1998)	30-47 yo with HIV (CD4 <200 cells/uL)	13	Chronic and relapsed cryptosporidiosis	Azithromycin	500 mg OD for 30–40 days	Azithromycin 1 g OD for 21–50 days and 1.5 g OD for 20 days	Monthly	83% (5/6) vs. 67% (2/3) vs. 75% (3/4)	83% (5/6) vs. 67% (2/3) vs. 75% (3/4)
Kadappu et al. (2002)	22-63 yo with HIV	41	All intensity	Azithromycin	500 mg OD for 5 days	Azithromycin 500 mg OD for 7 days and for 14 days	Days 5, 7, 14	100% in all treatment arms	0 vs. 0 vs. 38% (5/13)
Connolly et al. (1988)	All age with HIV	15	N/A	Erythromycin	500 mg QID for 7 days	Spiramycin 500 mg QID for 7 days	Day 14	100% in all treatment arms	0 vs. 0
Sprinz et al. (1998)	23-49 yo with HIV	24	Chronic cryptosporidiosis	Roxithromycin	300 mg BID for 4 weeks	None	Week 6	79% (19/24)	50% (12/24)
Uip et al. (1998)	Adults with HIV	22	All intensity	Roxithromycin	300 mg BID for 4 weeks	None	Week 6	27% (6/23)	68% (15/22)
Woolf et al. (1987)	24 yo with HIV	1	Severe diarrhea	Spiramycin	1 g TID for 7 days	None	N/A	Relapsed	None
Wittenberg et al. (1989)	<1 yo immune-compromised infants	39	N/A	Spiramycin	75 mg/kg/d For 5 days	Placebo	Regularly until discharged	N/A	38% (8/21) vs. 33% (6/18)b

^aP < 0.05.

^bNot statistically significant.

^aEither abatement of diarrhea or reduced stool frequency or volume.

^bEither complete eradication or reduction of oocyst number.