Table 2.
Clinical complications, causes of death, and outcomes of patients with VSR.
| Clinical complications/outcomes | Patients N = 127 |
|---|---|
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 82 (64.6) |
| Overall mortality, n (%) | 87 (68.5) |
| Survival time (days) | 15.0 [3.0–784.0] |
| Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 76 (59.8) |
| Ventricular arrhythmia, n (%) | 16 (12.6) |
| Ventricular aneurysm, n (%) | 75 (59.5) |
| IABP support, n (%) | 21 (16.5) |
| Causes of death | Patients N = 127 |
| Low cardiac output syndrome, n (%) | 32 (25.2) |
| Refractory heart failure, n (%) | 46 (36.2) |
| Multiple-system organ failure, n (%) | 5 (3.14) |
| Hemorrhage event, n (%) | 2 (1.57) |
| Unknown reasons, n (%) | 2 (1.57) |
| Peri-operative complications | Patients N = 49 |
| Surgical management, n (%) | 31 (63.3) |
| Percutaneous TCC, n (%) | 18 (36.7) |
| Operation failure, n (%) | 3 (6.12) |
| Postoperative IABP, n (%) | 8 (16.3) |
| Postoperative ECMO, n (%) | 2 (4.08) |
| Postoperative CRRT, n (%) | 4 (8.16) |
| Residual VSR, n (%) | 15 (30.6) |
| Postoperative hemolysis, n (%) | 3 (6.12) |
VSR, ventricular septal rupture; TCC, Percutaneous transcatheter closure; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; ECMO, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy.