Table 3.
Phenotypes and genetic data of LD and/or PCD among Arabs.
| Nationality | Situs inversus (SI) | PCD | Dextrocardia | Heterotaxy of abdominal organs | Recurrent chest infections | Chronic rhinitis | Bronchiectasis | Chronic or recurrent otitis media | Gene | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yemeni | + | – | + | Visceral heterotaxy, polysplenia syndrome | – | – | – | – | MYO1D | Present study |
| Saudi (6 patients) | +6/6 | – | NR | NR | – | NR | NR | NR | DNAH5, PKD1L1, DNAAF5/CYP21A2, DNAI1 | (26) |
| Arab | + | NR | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | GDF1 | (27) |
| Saudi | + | NR | + | Abdominal ultrasound revealed that the liver and gallbladder were located in the left hypochondrium, spleen on the right side | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | (28) |
| Arab | + | NR | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | HES7 | (29) |
| Saudi (75 patients) | + | +73/75 | NR | NR | +15/75 | NR | NR | NR | CCDC151, CCDC39, CCDC40, DNAH11, GOLGA3, RSPH9, CCNO, RSPH9, ITCH, MCIDAS, RSPH4A, DNAH5, CEP164, GOLGA3 | (26) |
| Morocco | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | NR | (30) |
| Saudi | + | + | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | DNAH1 | (31) |
| Kuwaiti | + | + | NR | NR | + | NR | NR | DNAH5 | (32), | |
| Saudi | NR | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | NR | CCDC151 | (33) |
| Palestine | NR | + | + | NR | NR | NR | + | + | LRRC6 | (34) |
| Saudi | NR | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | + | NR | RSPH9 | (35) |
| UAE | NR | + | NR | NR | + | NR | + | NR | RSPH9 | (36) |
| UAE | – | + | NR | NR | + | + | + | + | RSPH9 | (37) |
| Saudi | + | + | NR | NR | NR | NR | + | NR | 19q13.3 | (27) |
| Saudi | + | + | – | Situs inversus of cardiac shadow and gastric air bubble | + | NR | + | – | NR | (38) |
+, presence of symptoms; –, absence of symptoms; NR, not reported; PCD, primary ciliary dyskinesia.