Table 2:
Outcomes at 6months
| Primary Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Arm (N=152) | Control Arm (N=134) | Unadjusted mean difference (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)* | p-value** | |
| PANSS scales, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Positive scale | 14.6(7.6) | 19.3(7.8) | −5.23(−7.48, −2.98) | 0.0001 | −4.85(−7.01, −2.70) | 0.0001 |
| Negative scale | 12.9(6.0) | 15.8(6.8) | −3.27(−5.15, −1.39) | 0.001 | −3.16(−5.00, −1.31) | 0.001 |
| General Psychopathology scale | 25.9(9.0) | 32.4(11.3) | −7.03(−9.97, −4.10) | 0.0001 | −6.75(−9.54, −3.97) | 0.0001 |
| Total score | 53.4(19.9) | 67.6(23.3) | −15.70(−22.18, −9.22) | 0.0001 | −15.01(−21.17, −8.84) | 0.0001 |
| Secondary Outcomes | ||||||
| ISMI scales, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Alienation | 1.9(08) | 2.2(0.8) | −0.2(−0.5, 0.0) | 0.053 | −0.3(−0.4, −0.1) | 0.009 |
| Stereotype endorsement | 2.0(0.7) | 2.1(0.7) | −0.2(−0.4, 0.1) | 0.199 | −0.2(−0.4, 0.0) | 0.059 |
| Discrimination experience | 1.9(0.7) | 2.1(0.9) | −0.2(−0.5, 0.1) | 0.268 | −0.2(−0.4, 0.0) | 0.014 |
| Social withdrawal | 1.9(0.7) | 2.0(0.8) | −0.1(−0.3, 0.1) | 0.323 | −0.1(−0.3, 0.0) | 0.090 |
| Stigma resistance | 2.2(0.7) | 2.2(0.7) | −0.0(−0.3, 0.2) | 0.745 | 0.0(−0.1, 0.2) | 0.567 |
| Total score | 2.0(0.6) | 2.1(0.6) | −0.1(−0.4, 0.1) | 0.227 | −0.2(−0.3, 0.0) | 0.007 |
| WHODAS scales, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Cognition | 10.6(6.1) | 12.6(6.5) | −2.6(−4.7, −0.5) | 0.014 | −2.2(−3.8, −0.6) | 0.006 |
| Mobility | 6.8(3.1) | 7.5(3.8) | −0.9(−2.1, 0.3) | 0.131 | −0.9(−1.9, 0.1) | 0.065 |
| Self care | 5.5(2.9) | 6.4(3.3) | −1.3(−2.4, −0.2) | 0.022 | −1.0(−1.7, −0.3) | 0.005 |
| Getting along with people | 7.6(4.3) | 9.2(5.4) | −2.0(−3.7, −0.3) | 0.020 | −1.8(−3.2, −0.4) | 0.014 |
| Life activities(household) | 7.1(4.4) | 8.5(5.2) | −2.2(−3.9, −0.5) | 0.010 | −1.8(−3.0, −0.6) | 0.004 |
| Life activities(work) | 8.9(5.6) | 10.2(5.6) | −1.6(−4.3, 1.1) | 0.241 | −0.7(−2.9, 1.6) | 0.568 |
| Participation | 15.2(7.1) | 17.5(8.0) | −2.6(−4.8, −0.5) | 0.016 | −2.5(−4.3, −0.8) | 0.005 |
| Total score | 52.3(25.0) | 61.8(28.3) | −11.8(−20.3, − 3.3) | 0.006 | −10.5(−17.0, −4.0) | 0.001 |
| Course of illness and recovery | ||||||
| Months on admission, Mean(SD) | 3.7(2.1) | 4.4(1.9) | −0.7(−1.3, 0.0) | 0.064 | −0.7(−1.4, −0.1) | 0.029 |
| Course of illness, % rated ‘Not continuous’ | 93(61.2%) | 54(40.9%) | 2.3(1.3, 4.1) | 0.003 | 2.5(1.4, 4.8) | 0.003 |
| Engagement in work (including housekeeping) % rated ‘good/fair’ | 118(79.2%) | 77(57.9%) | 3.0(1.6, 5.5) | 0.001 | 3.3(1.7, 6.2) | 0.001 |
| Ever in independent living, % | 92 (60.5) | 57 (42.5) | 2.2 (1.0, 4.7) | 0.52 | 2.4 (1.1, 5.2) | 0.026 |
a
Adjusted by baseline total PANSS score, sex, marital status, country and PHCP. PHCP included as random effects;
**
Significant p value at < 0.005 levels are highlighted
PANSS, positive and negative symptoms scale; ISMI, internalized stigma of mental illness; WHODAS, WHO disability assessment scale.