Table 4.
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis for the Risk of Each Additional Autoimmune Disease in Patients with Alopecia Areata
| Variables | AITD | Vitiligo | SLE | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Female | 1.23 (0.52–3.66) | 0.61 | 0.89 (0.27–2.44) | 0.73 | 1.61 (1.18–4.27) | 0.04* |
| Age at AA onset | ||||||
| ● < 18 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| ● 18–30 | 0.54 (0.21–3.45) | 0.64 | 0.77 (0.46–2.37) | 0.31 | 1.42 (0.63–3.21) | 0.18 |
| ● 31–45 | 0.88 (0.46–2.91) | 0.36 | 1.01 (0.25–3.61) | 0.68 | 0.62 (0.45–2.99) | 0.58 |
| ● 46–60 | 1.52 (0.85–3.22) | 0.19 | 1.04 (0.42–2.88) | 0.52 | 0.38 (0.21–1.86) | 0.47 |
| ● > 60 | 1.89 (0.92–2.66) | 0.06 | 0.74 (0.59–3.12) | 0.29 | - | - |
| AA subtype | ||||||
| ● Patch-type AA | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| ● Multiple AA | 0.77 (0.22–2.54) | 0.49 | 0.47 (0.35–3.88) | 0.66 | 0.39 (0.15–2.89) | 0.58 |
| ● AT/AU | 1.82 (0.44–3.26) | 0.07 | 0.99 (0.43–3.94) | 0.53 | 1.26 (0.44–2.68) | 0.36 |
| ● Ophiasis | - | - | - | - | 2.11 (0.79–4.26) | 0.49 |
| Body hair involvement | 3.74 (0.77–5.33) | 0.46 | 2.31 (0.82–3.69) | 0.29 | 1.07 (0.44–2.79) | 0.57 |
| Nail abnormalities | 4.65 (1.96–7.24) | 0.01* | 1.76 (0.59–3.76) | 0.25 | 0.97 (0.28–2.99) | 0.22 |
| Atopic diseases | 1.85 (0.84–3.46) | 0.16 | 2.48 (1.43–4.58) | 0.02* | 2.16 (0.84–4.31) | 0.64 |
| Family history of AD | 2.28 (0.44–3.99) | 0.69 | 3.61 (0.55–4.97) | 0.76 | 1.85 (1.26–4.19) | 0.03* |
Note: *Statistically significant.
Abbreviations: AA, alopecia areata; AD, autoimmune disease; AITD, autoimmune thyroid disease; AT/AU, alopecia totalis/alopecia universalis; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.