(A) The basal mTORC1 activity in CD8+ T cells after 5 h of rest or activation with plate bound anti-human CD3 and anti-human CD28 was determined by PhosFlow in HIV-uninfected (black bar, n = 3), HIV-early cART–naïve (red bar, n = 3), and HIV-chronic cART–treated (purple bar, n = 4) donors by determining the frequency of pS6 in CD8+ T cells. (B) represents the frequency of CD98 expression on the surface of HIV-uninfected (black bar, n = 7), HIV-early cART (cTx)–naïve (red bar, n = 20), and HIV-chronic cART–treated (purple bar, n = 10) CD8+ T cells. (C) represents the median fluorescent index of CD98 expression on the surface of HIV-uninfected (black bar, n = 7), HIV-early cART–naïve (red bar, n = 20), and HIV-chronic cART–treated (purple bar, n = 10) CD8+ T cells. (D) represents the frequency of CD71 expression of the surface of HIV-uninfected (black bar, n = 7), HIV-early cART–naïve (red bar, n = 20), and HIV-chronic cART–treated (purple bar, n = 10) CD8+ T cells. (E) represents the median fluorescent index of CD71 expression on the surface of HIV-uninfected (black bar, n = 7), HIV-early cART–naïve (red bar, n = 20), and HIV-chronic cART–treated (purple bar, n = 10) CD8+ T cells. * indicates P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 by unpaired two-tailed nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. Error bars are mean ± SEM.