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. 2021 Sep 13;12:709135. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.709135

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Copyright © 2021 Chen, Zhou, Sun, Qu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The time-dependent effects of acute lactate and forskolin injection on the cAMP-PKA pathway. (A) Western blot analysis of cAMP-PKA pathway proteins after acute forskolin injection. (B) Western blot analysis of cAMP-PKA pathway proteins after acute lactate injection. (C,D) The ratios of P-PKA/PKA and P-CREB/CREB after acute forskolin injection. (E,F) The ratios of P-PKA/PKA and P-CREB/CREB after acute lactate injection. AL-15, AL-30, AL-60, and AL-120 represent 15, 30, 60, and 120min after acute lactate injections. AF-15, AF-30, AF-60, and AF-120 represent 15, 30, 60, and 120min after acute forskolin injections. AP and AD mean sacrificed after acute PBS and DMSO injection, respectively. Three bands are used for statistics. The data are presented as the mean±SD, and significant differences between the two groups were analyzed with the independent-samples t-test. ^* p<0.05 vs. AD and AP.