Table 2.
Risk of bias of included studies.
| References | Selection | Data collection | Case ascertainment | Stats | If comparative study | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | |
| Ambekar et al. (9) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Asayama et al. (10) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Aung et al. (11) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bada-Bosch et al. (12) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Bryant et al. (13) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Calabro et al. (14) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Chang et al. (15) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Chen-Yoshikawa et al. (16) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Cheng et al. (17) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Chung et al. (18) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Cleveland et al. (19) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Connolly et al. (20) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Drobot et al. (21) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Esposito et al. (22) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Esposito et al. (23) | ||||||||||||
| Esposito et al. (24) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Esposito et al. (25) | ||||||||||||
| Esposito et al. (26) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Esposito et al. (27) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Fernandez-Bautista et al. (28) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Fung et al. (29) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Greives et al. (30) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Guillen et al. (31) | ||||||||||||
| Herz et al. (32) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Hinchcliff et al. (33) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Hirayama et al. (34) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Horie et al. (35) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Hori et al. (36) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Iinuma et al. (37) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Ishikawa et al. (38) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Kaneshi et al. (39) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Kato et al. (40) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Kato et al. (41) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Kato et al. (42) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Kim et al. (43) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Kitagawa et al. (44) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Kogon et al. (45) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Martins et al. (46) | ||||||||||||
| Mihara et al. (47) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Mitani et al. (48) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Nossek et al. (49) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Ogata et al. (50) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Otake et al. (51) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Pourmoghadam et al. (52) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Rentea et al. (53) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Sanchez-Fernandez et al. (54) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Shafy et al. (55) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Shibasaki et al. (56) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Shirota et al. (57) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Shirotsuki et al. (58) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Souzaki et al. (59) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Sugimoto et al. (60) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Tan et al. (61) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Tanabe et al. (62) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Takagi et al. (63) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Takahashi et al. (64) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Tomioka et al. (65) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Tsuzuki et al. (66) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Ueba et al. (67) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Vogt et al. (68) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Yada et al. (69) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
| Yamamichi et al. (70) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
| Yanagi et al. (71) | ||||||||||||
| Yokoyama et al. (72) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
Green, low bias risk; Red, High bias risk; yellow, unclear bias risk.