TABLE 4.

Summary of the studies reporting the reproductive consequence of sleep apnea.

Subjects	Reproductive consequences	References
Human	Reduced testosterone levels	Gambineri et al., 2003
Human	Decrease in erectile function	Margel et al., 2004
Human	Erection problems; decreased overall sexual satisfaction	Stannek et al., 2009
Human	Erectile dysfunction	Budweiser et al., 2009
Human	Erectile dysfunction; low testosterone levels	Andersen et al., 2010
Human	Reduced free testosterone and sexual quality	Hammoud et al., 2011
Mouse	Decreased testosterone levels	Wang et al., 2019
Mouse	Reduced progressive sperm motility; downregulate fertility rate and fetuses number	Torres et al., 2014
Rat	Reduced sperm count and sperm motility; impaired spermatogenesis	Wang J. et al., 2020
Human	Higher infertility rate	Chen et al., 2021