TABLE 5.

Summary of the studies reporting the reproductive consequences of hematological diseases.

Types of diseases	Subjects	Reproductive consequences	References
Sickle cell disease	Human	Priapism	Adeyoju et al., 2002
Sickle cell disease	Human	Priapism or erectile dysfunction	Madu et al., 2014
Sickle cell disease	Human	Lower testicular volume; shorter penis length	Martins et al., 2015
Sickle cell disease	Human	Impaired sperm parameters	Joseph et al., 2021
Sickle cell disease	Human	Repeated testicular infarction	Li et al., 2003
Sickle cell disease	Human	Decreased semen parameters	Berthaut et al., 2008
Thalassemia	Human	Lower total sperm count, sperm motility and percent normal sperm morphology; lower serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels	Safarinejad, 2008b
Sickle cell disease	Human	Hypogonadism	Taddesse et al., 2012
Sickle cell disease	Human	Hypogonadism	Morrison et al., 2013
Thalassemia	Human	Increased sperm DNA damage; reduced sperm motility	Perera et al., 2002
Hemolytic anemia	Mouse	Reduced sperm count, sperm natural morphology, sperm motility and viability and serum testosterone concentration, increased DNA injury	Mozafari et al., 2016
Thalassemia	Human	Lower testis values; lower sperm concentrations and abnormal morphology	Chen et al., 2018
Hemolytic anemia	Mouse	Testicular tubular atrophy and edema in the interstitial tissue; decreased sperm count, diminished sperm motility and viability, diminished fertilizing potential	Anbara et al., 2018