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. 2021 Sep 13;9:675064. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675064

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Copyright © 2021 De Canha, Thipe, Katti, Mandiwana, Kalombo, Ray, Rikhotso, Janse van Vuuren and Lall.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dose-dependent disruption of mature Cutibacterium acnes biofilm after 72 h by (A) Helichrysum odoratissimum methanol extract AuNPs + Gum arabic, (B) H. odoratissimum methanol extract AuNPs – Gum arabic, (C) H. odoratissimum leaf powder AuNPs + Gum arabic, (D) H. odoratissimum leaf powder AuNPs – Gum arabic compared to the untreated C. acnes control. ** Represents significance where p < 0.01, ⁺ represents the control to which all other samples were compared.