Table 2.

Nanocarriers to Deliver Anti-Dry Eye Agents

Study	Experimental Models	Drug	Vehicle/Carriers	Production Method(s)	Results	Conclusion
N. Nagai, et al93 2020	N-acetylcysteine-treated rabbit model	Rebamipide	Nanoparticles	Breakdown method	The rebamipide solid nanoparticle-based ophthalmic formulation increased mucin levels in the lacrimal fluid and healed tear film breakup levels in vivo.	This novel sustained-release drug delivery route and creation of a nano-formulation can be used to design further studies aimed at therapy for dry eye.
F. Yu, et al161 2019	Dry eye murine model	Glycol chitosan cerium oxide	Nanoparticles	Unspecified	Glycol chitosan cerium oxide nanoparticles not only ameliorate symptoms but also reverse pathological changes at the cellular and molecular levels in dry eye.	Glycol chitosan cerium oxide nanoparticles are an effective treatment for dry eye and may represent a potential new class of drug for dry eye disease.
Y. J. Li, et al92 2019	Rabbits model	Amfenac	Poly(catechin) capped-gold nanoparticles	Unspecified	Poly (catechin) capped-gold nanoparticles (Au@Poly-CH NPs) not only act as an anti-oxidant to suppress ROS-mediated processes, but also serve as a drug carrier of AF for a synergistic effect on anti-inflammation.	Au@Poly-CH NPs loaded with NSAIDs is a promising multifunctional nanocomposite for treating various inflammation- and oxidative stress-related diseases.
H. Y. Huang, et al162 2018	New Zealand White rabbits	Hyaluronic acid	Nanoparticles	Self-assembly method	Large amounts of gelatin-epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles (GEH-NPs) accumulated in the cytoplasm of human corneal epithelium cells and the ocular surfaces of rats and rabbits, indicating the advantage of GEH NPs for ocular delivery of medication.	GEH NPs are potentially valuable as a new therapeutic agent delivered in eye drops for treating dry eye syndrome.
H. Kang, et al91 2016	New Zealand albino rabbits	Cyclosporine A	Micelle solutions	Simple method	The number of goblet cells in rabbit conjunctivas after the administration of cyclosporine A-micelle solutions was significantly higher than that with Restasis.	The potential use of a novel MS for the ophthalmic delivery of CsA in treating dry eyes.
C. Di Tommaso, et al163 2011	Female albino New Zealand rabbits	Cyclosporin A	polymeric micelles	Co-solvent method	After incubation with methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-hexylsubstituted poly(lactides) (MPEG-hexPLA) micelle formulations, the activation of caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis as well as autophagy was evaluated using immunohistochemistry for localizing antibodies	MPEG-hexPLA micelles are promising drug carriers for ocular diseases involving the activation of cytokines