Table 4.
Comparison of cortical surface area between patients with BD I and BD II and HCs
| Cortical regions | BD I (N=30) |
BD II (N=44) |
HC (N=100) |
All groups |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | F | p | ||
| Left hemisphere | ||||||
| L Pars orbitalis | 915.8±23.9 | 898.6±19.9 | 900.4±13.1 | 22.469 | 2.28×10-9 | |
| L Long insular gyrus | 425.4±15.0 | 367.0±12.5 | 496.3±8.2 | 38.484 | 1.80×10-14 | |
| Right hemisphere | ||||||
| R Frontomarginal gyrus | 705.1±25.6 | 754.5±21.3 | 635.1±14.0 | 11.417 | 2.25×10-5 | |
| R Subcentral gyrus | 899.8±24.8 | 903.3±20.7 | 1,017.1±13.6 | 14.884 | 1.13×10-6 | |
| R Transverse frontopolar gyrus | 1,068.9±64.8 | 1,032.0±54.0 | 814.7±35.5 | 8.992 | 1.96×10-4 | |
| R Anterior cingulate gyrus | 1,658.5±59.4 | 1,591.3±49.5 | 1,941.8±32.5 | 20.774 | 8.77×10-9 | |
| R Posterior mid-cingulate gyrus | 852.6±38.3 | 822.0±31.9 | 1,015.3±21.0 | 15.560 | 6.36×10-7 | |
| R Ventral posterior cingulate gyrus | 512.2±67.5 | 512.5±56.2 | 234.5±36.9 | 11.718 | 1.73×10-5 | |
| R Cuneus | 1,338.9±48.5 | 1,326.5±40.4 | 1,555.0±26.6 | 14.654 | 1.37×10-6 | |
| R Pars opercularis | 734.9±42.4 | 668.8±35.3 | 874.5±23.2 | 12.943 | 5.94×10-6 | |
| R Pars orbitalis | 421.4±35.9 | 379.9±30.0 | 280.0±19.7 | 7.721 | 6.21×10-4 | |
| R Pars triangularis | 1,221.0±119.2 | 1,236.5±99.3 | 696.8±65.2 | 13.835 | 2.76×10-6 | |
| R Middle frontal gyrus | 3,192.5±125.4 | 3,180.9±104.5 | 2,677.2±68.7 | 11.359 | 2.37×10-5 | |
| R Superior frontal gyrus | 3,328.3±242.8 | 3,340.1±202.3 | 4,344.1±132.9 | 11.929 | 1.44×10-5 | |
| R Long insular gyrus | 436.9±13.9 | 374.1±11.6 | 437.4±7.6 | 11.022 | 3.19×10-5 | |
| R Short insular gyrus | 771.4±69.1 | 753.3±57.6 | 526.7±37.8 | 7.953 | 5.02×10-4 | |
| R Superior occipital gyrus | 1,121.4±29.5 | 1,202.4±24.6 | 1,067.0±16.2 | 10.452 | 5.29×10-5 | |
| R Lingual gyrus | 1,694.2±74.0 | 1,716.7±61.7 | 2,008.5±40.5 | 11.459 | 2.17×10-5 | |
| R Parahippocampal gyrus | 988.8±60.8 | 1,056.8±50.7 | 795.4±33.3 | 10.523 | 4.96×10-5 | |
| R Precuneus | 1,388.7±83.4 | 1,424.0±69.5 | 1,730.0±45.7 | 10.249 | 6.33×10-5 | |
| R Straight gyrus | 444.7±22.2 | 417.6±18.5 | 554.5±12.2 | 22.527 | 2.18×10-9 | |
| R Anterior transverse temporal gyrus | 566.5±60.1 | 544.2±50.1 | 313.1±32.9 | 11.069 | 3.06×10-5 | |
| R Lateral superior temporal gyrus | 1,020.4±44.7 | 1,011.9±37.3 | 1,227.2±24.5 | 15.476 | 6.83×10-7 | |
| R Planum temporale | 959.4±81.3 | 951.9±67.8 | 650.0±44.5 | 9.720 | 1.02×10-4 | |
The general linear model (GLM) was adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and intracranial volume as covariates. Regions that remained significant after Bonferroni correction are listed: 76 regions of cortex, corrected p=(0.05/76)=6.58×10-4. BD I, bipolar disorder type I; BD II, bipolar disorder type II; HC, healthy controls; SD, standard deviation