Table 2.
The graphic elements of the DDS and depression scores
| Variables | Not depressed (N=63) (PHQ-9 ≤9) | Depressed (N=32) (PHQ-9 >9) | Total (N=95) | χ2 test, p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDS: integration | ||||||
| Free drawing | χ2=7.075, p=0.03* | |||||
| Disintegration | 1 (1.6) | 5 (15.6) | 6 (6.3) | |||
| Integration | 51 (81.0) | 22 (68.8) | 73 (76.9) | |||
| Impoverish | 11 (17.4) | 5 (15.6) | 16 (16.8) | |||
| Tree drawing | χ2=1.868, p=0.40 | |||||
| Disintegration | 4 (6.3) | 2 (6.2) | 6 (6.3) | |||
| Integration | 56 (88.9) | 26 (81.3) | 82 (86.3) | |||
| Impoverish | 3 (4.8) | 4 (12.5) | 7 (7.4) | χ2=0.294, p=0.86 | ||
| Feeling drawing | ||||||
| Disintegration | 15 (23.8) | 7 (21.9) | 22 (23.2) | |||
| Integration | 38 (60.3) | 21 (65.6) | 59 (62.1) | |||
| Impoverish | 10 (15.9) | 4 (12.5) | 14 (14.7) | |||
| DDS: tilt | ||||||
| Free drawing | χ2=7.564, p=0.01* | |||||
| No | 52 (82.5) | 18 (56.3) | 70 (73.7) | |||
| Yes | 11 (17.5) | 14 (43.7) | 25 (26.3) | |||
| Tree drawing | χ2=0.285, p=0.68 | |||||
| No | 59 (93.7) | 29 (90.6) | 88 (92.6) | |||
| Yes | 4 (6.3) | 3 (9.4) | 7 (7.4) | |||
| Feeling drawing | χ2=0.229, p=0.75 | |||||
| No | 55 (87.3) | 29 (90.6) | 84 (88.4) | |||
| Yes | 8 (12.7) | 3 (9.4) | 11 (11.6) | |||
| DDS: landscape (symbol) | ||||||
| Free drawing | χ2=11.323, p=0.01* | |||||
| Landscape | 39 (61.9) | 14 (43.8) | 53 (55.8) | |||
| With water | 11 (17.5) | 5 (15.6) | 16 (16.8) | |||
| Water only | 5 (7.9) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.3) | |||
| None | 8 (12.7) | 13 (40.6) | 21 (22.1) | |||
| Tree drawing | χ2=0.224, p=0.89 | |||||
| Landscape | 39 (61.9) | 19 (59.4) | 58 (61.1) | |||
| With water | 5 (7.9) | 2 (6.3) | 7 (7.4) | |||
| Water only | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| None | 19 (30.2) | 11 (34.4) | 30 (31.6) | |||
| Feeling drawing | χ2=6.390, p=0.94 | |||||
| Landscape | 6 (9.5) | 2 (6.3) | 8 (8.4) | |||
| With water | 4 (6.3) | 5 (15.6) | 9 (9.5) | |||
| Water only | 8 (12.7) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (8.4) | |||
| None | 45 (71.4) | 25 (78.1) | 70 (73.7) | |||
| DDS: space usage | ||||||
| Free drawing | χ2=8.337, p=0.04* | |||||
| 1%–33% | 0 (0.0) | 4 (12.5) | 4 (4.2) | |||
| 34%–66% | 3 (4.8) | 1 (3.1) | 4 (4.2) | |||
| 67%–99% | 48 (76.2) | 21 (65.6) | 69 (72.7) | |||
| Full | 12 (19.0) | 6 (18.8) | 18 (18.9) | |||
| Tree drawing | χ2=0.135, p=0.99 | |||||
| 1%–33% | 14 (22.2) | 8 (25.0) | 22 (23.2) | |||
| 34%–66% | 6 (9.5) | 3 (9.4) | 9 (9.5) | |||
| 67%–99% | 36 (57.2) | 18 (56.2) | 54 (56.8) | |||
| Full | 7 (11.1) | 3 (9.4) | 10 (10.5) | |||
| Feeling drawing | χ2=4.328, p=0.23 | |||||
| 1%–33% | 2 (3.2) | 3 (9.4) | 5 (5.3) | |||
| 34%–66% | 9 (14.3) | 2 (6.3) | 11 (11.6) | |||
| 67%–99% | 46 (73.0) | 21 (65.5) | 67 (70.5) | |||
| Full | 6 (9.5) | 6 (18.8) | 12 (12.6) | |||
| DDS: enclosure | ||||||
| Free drawing | χ2=7.775, p=0.006† | |||||
| No | 35 (55.6) | 27 (84.4) | 62 (65.3) | |||
| Yes | 28 (44.4) | 5 (15.6) | 33 (34.7) | |||
| Tree drawing | χ2=0.937, p=0.006† | |||||
| No | 55 (87.3) | 30 (93.8) | 85 (89.5) | |||
| Yes | 8 (12.7) | 2 (6.2) | 10 (10.5) | |||
| Feeling drawing | χ2=4.576, p=0.04* | |||||
| No | 44 (69.8) | 15 (46.9) | 59 (62.1) | |||
| Yes | 19 (30.2) | 17 (53.1) | 36 (37.9) | |||
Values are presented as number (%).
*
p<0.05;
†
p<0.01.
DDS, Diagnostic Drawing Series; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9