Table 1:
Characteristics of study participants
| Risk factor assessment 1991–93 (n=7996) | Risk factor assessment 1997–99 (n=7574) | Risk factor assessment 2002–04 (n=6496) | Risk factor assessment 2007–09 (n=6074) | Risk factor assessment 2011–13 (n=5533) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Risk score components | |||||
| Age, years | 50·0 (6·0) | 55·6 (6·0) | 60·9 (5·9) | 65·6 (5·8) | 69·2 (5·7) |
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 5532 (69·2%) | 5233 (69·1%) | 4526 (697%) | 4210 (69·3%) | 3847 (69·5%) |
| Women | 2464 (30·8%) | 2341 (30·9%) | 1970 (30·3%) | 1864 (30·7%) | 1686 (30·5%) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 7212/7966 (90·5%) | 6933/7565 (91·6%) | 5992/6483 (92·4%) | 5623/6060 (92·8%) | 5155/5526 (93·3%) |
| Other | 754/7966 (9·5%) | 632/7565 (8·4%) | 491/6483 (7·6%) | 437/6060 (7·2%) | 371/5526 (6·7%) |
| Diabetes | 155 (1·9%) | 271 (3·6%) | 388 (6·0%) | 523 (8·6%) | 541 (9·8%) |
| Smokers | 1060/7820 (13·6%) | 735/6965 (10·6%) | 472/6458 (7·3%) | 372/5924 (6·3%) | 185/5423 (3·4%) |
| Antihypertensive medication | 503 (6·3%) | 941 (12·4%) | 1419 (21·8%) | 1969/6064 (32·5%) | 2143/5531 (38·7%) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 121 (14) | 123 (17) | 128 (17) | 126 (16) | 128 (17) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 6·5 (1·2) | 5·9 (1·1) | 5·8 (1·0) | 5·3 (1·1) | 5·2 (1·1) |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1·4 (0·4) | 1·5 (0·4) | 1·6 (0·5) | 1·6 (0·5) | 1·7 (0·5) |
| Other risk factors | |||||
| Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 25·3 (37) | 26·2 (4·0) | 26·7 (4·4) | 26·8 (4·5) | 26·7 (4·5) |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Poor | 1374/7823 (17·6%) | 877/6886 (12·7%) | 517/6338 (8·2%) | 518/5958 (8·7%) | 493/5454 (9·0%) |
| Intermediate | 3008/7823 (38·5%) | 2607/6886 (37·9%) | 2351/6338 (37·1%) | 2173/5958 (36·5%) | 2002/5454 (36·7%) |
| Ideal | 3441/7823 (44·0%) | 3402/6886 (49·4%) | 3470/6338 (54·7%) | 3267/5958 (54·8%) | 2959/5454 (54·3%) |
| Diet | |||||
| Poor | 2229/7846 (28·4%) | 1289/5244 (24·6%) | 1301/5322 (24·4%) | 1065/4886 (21·8%) | 958/4441 (21·6%) |
| Intermediate | 4954/7846 (63·1%) | 3438/5244 (65·6%) | 3500/5322 (65·8%) | 3328/4886 (68·1%) | 3025/4441 (68·1%) |
| Ideal | 663/7846 (8·5%) | 517/5244 (9·9%) | 521/5322 (9·8%) | 493/4886 (10·1%) | 458/4441 (10·3%) |
| Socioeconomic status | |||||
| Low | 1537 (19·2%) | 1388 (18·3%) | 1067 (16·4%) | 974 (16·0%) | 843 (15·2%) |
| Intermediate | 3954 (49·4%) | 3731 (49·3%) | 3251 (50·0%) | 3049 (50·2%) | 2795 (50·5%) |
| High | 2505 (31·3%) | 2455 (32·4%) | 2178 (33·5%) | 2051 (33·8%) | 1895 (34·2%) |
| SCORE risk score | |||||
| Risk calculation, % | 1·2% (1·2) | 2·0% (1·9) | 3·3% (2·8) | 4·1% (3·1) | 5·4% (3·8) |
| Risk categories | |||||
| High (≥5%) | 103/7747 (1·3%) | 388/6152 (6·3%) | 1056/5931 (17·8%) | 1429/5385 (26·5%) | 1957/4770 (41·0%) |
| Borderline (1% to <5%) | 3113/7747 (40·2%) | 3552/6152 (57·7%) | 4117/5931 (69·4%) | 3701/5385 (68·7%) | 2779/4770 (58·3%) |
| Low (<1%) | 4531/7747 (58·5%) | 2212/6152 (36·0%) | 758/5931 (12·8%) | 255/5385 (4·7%) | 34/4770 (0·7%) |
| ASCVD risk score | |||||
| Risk calculation, % | 4·9% (4·4) | 6·7% (5·5) | 10·1% (7·6) | 13·4% (9·0) | 18·1% (11·5) |
| Risk categories | |||||
| High (≥7·5%) | 1626/7722 (21·1%) | 1913/5457 (35·1%) | 3213/5930 (54·2%) | 3802/5381 (70·7%) | 4039/4770 (84·7%) |
| Borderline (5% to <7·5%) | 1157/7722 (15·0%) | 929/5457 (17·0%) | 1091/5930 (18·4%) | 745/5381 (13·8%) | 396/4770 (8·3%) |
| Low (<5%) | 4939/7722 (64·0%) | 2615/5457 (47·9%) | 1626/5930 (27·4%) | 834/5381 (15·5%) | 335/4770 (7·0%) |
Data are mean (SD), n (%), or n/N (%). This analysis includes individuals who participated in both 1991–93 and 1995–97, or 1995–97 and 2002–04, or 2005–07 and 2011–13 assessments pairs.
Some percentages do not add up to 100% because of rounding. ASCVD=American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. SCORE=European Society of Cardiology Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation.