TABLE 2.
mRNA modifications influencing senescence and/or age-related changes
| Modification | mRNAs modified (region) | Writers | Processes affected | Impact of modification on senescence and/or aging | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m6A | p21 (3′-UTR) | METTL3/METTL14 | Translation ↑ | Senescence ↑ | Li et al. (2017) |
|
p53 (unknown) p21 (unknown) p27 (unknown) |
Unknown | Translation ↑ | Senescence ↑ | Lewinska, Adamczyk-Grochala, Deregowska, et al. (2017) | |
| AGO2 (unknown) | METTL3/WTAP | Translation ↑ (PBMCs) | Aging ↓ | Min et al. (2018) | |
| METTL3 | Stability ↑ (HDFs) | Senescence? | |||
| m5C | p21 (3′-UTR) | NSUN2 | Translation ↑ | Senescence ↑ | Li et al. (2017) |
| p16 (3′-UTR) | NSUN2 | Stability ↑ | Senescence ↑ | Zhang et al. (2012) | |
| CDK1 (3′-UTR) | NSUN2 | Translation ↑ | Senescence ↓ | Xing et al. (2015) | |
| CDC25C | NSUN2 | Translation ↑ | Senescence ↓ | Xing et al. (2015) | |
| p27 (5′-UTR) | NSUN2 | Translation ↓ | Senescence ↓ | Tang et al. (2015) | |
| SHC (5′-UTR,CR,3′-UTR) | NSUN2 | Translation ↑ | Senescence ↑ | Cai et al. (2016) | |
| TERC | Unknown | Telomerase activity↑ | Proliferation↑ | Tang et al. (2018) |
The ribonucleotide modifications (column 1), modified mRNAs and region of the mRNAs that are modified (column 2), enzymes involved (column 3), and consequences on gene regulatory processes (column 4) are indicted. The impact of the modifications on senescence or aging is indicated (column 5). ↑, increased; ↓, decreased.
Abbreviations: mRNA, messenger RNA; UTR, untranslated region.