Table 1:

Perspectives of workflow integration

Authors	Approach	Definition of workflow integration	Relationship between usability and workflow integration	Dimensions of workflow considered in this approach*
Scapin and Bastien (1997); Marcilly et al. (2015)	Usability heuristics for health IT	“how the characteristics of the system under design/evaluation fit: the characteristics of the tasks to be performed with/supported by the system, the characteristics of the typical end-user(s) (mental model, knowledge organization, cognitive tasks), and the characteristics of the typical end-user(s) workflow”
Flanagan et al. (2011); Doebelling et al. (2011)	Survey to assess workflow integration of CDS	4 aspects: • Navigation (e.g. patient information is easy to find) • Functionality (e.g. the CDS helps you perform the tasks you need to during face-to-face patient encounters) • Usability (e.g. the CDS is challenging to use) • Workload (e.g. using the CDS during face-to-face patient encounters adds effort).
Press et al. (2015)	Design of CDS in the emergency department	“consideration of what timing in the patient interaction the CDS is triggered”

^*The dimensions of workflow are those identified by Carayon et al. (2012)