Fig. 3.

Frequency of T cell subpopulations as defined by FlowSOM metaclusters (A–C) and manual gates (D–F). (A) The CD4⁺ T cell compartment was significantly expanded in the DNP group, while the corresponding decrease in proportion of CD8⁺ cells did not reach statistical significance. (B) The proportion of CD4⁺ T cells with a central memory (CD45RO⁺CD62L⁺) phenotype was doubled in the DNP group compared to T1DO controls. (C) CD8⁺ naïve T cells significantly decreased their proportion in the DNP group. (D) Manual gating confirmed the CD4⁺ T cell increase, (E) demonstrated a trend toward an increase in CD4⁺ central memory T cells which did not reach significance, and (F) confirmed the decrease in CD8⁺ naïve T cells. Columns represent group means ​± ​SEM where each data point represents an individual patient. T_n: naïve T cells; T_eff: effector T cells; T_cm: central memory T cells; T_em: effector memory T cells. Unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test: ∗P ​< ​0.05; ∗∗P ​< ​0.01.