Table 2.

Mean (SD) Concentrations of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α Over Time in PTSD and Non-PTSD Participants with Active tcVNS or Sham Stimulation.

IL-2
Time	0	4	6	8	10	12	14	15	18	19	22
PTSD Active	0.17 (0.19)	0.29 (0.19)	0.19 (0.18)	0.21 (0.16)	0.20 (0.18)	0.31 (0.22)	0.18 (0.21)	0.29 (0.19)	0.34 (0.19)	0.34 (0.19)	0.39 (0.16)
PTSD Sham	0.28 (0.21)	0.31 (0.18)	0.23 (0.20)	0.32 (0.18)	0.30 (0.19)	0.34 (0.19)	0.40 (0.16)	0.22 (0.19)	0.20 (0.17)	0.22 (0.17)	0.21 (0.17)
NonPTSD Active	0.34 (0.22)	0.23 (0.21)	0.32 (0.22)	0.34 (0.22)	0.29 (0.24)	0.37 (0.21)	0.35 (0.20)	0.23 (0.21)	0.32 (0.23)	0.22 (0.22)	0.39 (0.19)
NonPTSD Sham	0.30 (0.21)	0.25 (0.22)	0.24 (0.22)	0.19 (0.20)	0.14 (0.15)	0.24 (0.21)	0.25 (0.21)	0.27 (0.20)	0.27 (0.20)	0.24 (0.20)	0.19 (0.18)
IL-1β
Time	0	4	6	8	10	12	14	15	18	19	22
PTSD Active	0.06 (0.04)	0.09 (0.02)	0.08 (0.04)	0.08 (0.04)	0.07 (0.04)	0.08 (0.04)	0.09 (0.03)	0.11 (0.03)	0.21 (0.27)	0.12 (0.03)	0.10 (0.00)
PTSD Sham	0.10 (0.08)	0.07 (0.04)	0.07 (0.04)	0.08 (0.04)	0.06 (0.03)	0.03 (0.01)	0.05 (0.01)	0.11 (0.08)	0.09 (0.05)	0.11 (0.06)	0.10 (0.05)
NonPTSD Active	0.05 (0.03)	0.06 (0.04)	0.08 (0.04)	0.05 (0.04)	0.08 (0.07)	0.07 (0.04)	0.05 (0.04)	0.12 (0.08)	0.14 (0.10)	0.12 (0.08)	0.12 (0.09)
NonPTSD Sham	0.08 (0.04)	0.06 (0.03)	0.07 (0.04)	0.09 (0.04)	0.07 (0.04)	0.11 (0.08)	0.09 (0.04)	0.12 (0.06)	0.11 (0.06)	0.09 (0.04)	0.08 (0.05)
TNFα
Time	0	4	6	8	10	12	14	15	18	19	22
PTSD Active	2.60 (0.85)	2.27 (0.88)	2.47 (0.76)	2.41 (0.97)	2.45 (0.60)	2.32 (0.62)	2.27 (0.82)	2.44 (0.72)	2.46 (0.64)	2.55 (0.83)	1.94 (0.17)
PTSD Sham	2.64 (1.35)	2.84 (1.83)	2.50 (1.38)	2.64 (1.51)	2.79 (1.58)	2.55 (1.14)	2.09 (0.53)	2.71 (1.42)	2.73 (1.65)	2.59 (1.48)	2.34 (1.46)
NonPTSD Active	2.90 (1.47)	2.95 (1.53)	2.89 (1.66)	2.94 (1.56)	2.94 (1.38)	2.74 (1.15)	2.54 (0.73)	3.12 (1.52)	3.17 (1.57)	3.25 (1.26)	2.54 (0.29)
NonPTSD Sham	2.22 (0.50)	2.11 (0.65)	2.10 (0.68)	2.23 (0.42)	2.30 (0.55)	2.14 (0.52)	2.23 (0.44)	3.43 (2.80)	3.43 (2.69)	2.67 (1.05)	2.12 (0.60)